Pro Tempore

Pro Tempore in United States

Pro Tempore Definition

For the time being; temporarily; provisionally.

Pro Tempore (Pro Tem) Definition in the Legislative Process

The following is a definition of Pro Tempore (Pro Tem) , by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL): The designated officer of the senate or house acting in the absence of the regular presiding officer.

Concept of Pro Tempore

In the U.S., in the context of the U.S. Congress (Senate and House of Representatives), Pro Tempore has the following meaning: A Latin phrase meaning “for the time being,” which in legislative parlance designates certain temporary leadership positions. The Senate selects one of its members as president pro tempore (or pro-tem, for short) to act in place of the President of the Senate when he or she is absent or the office is temporarily vacant; the House chooses a speaker pro tempore. (Source of this definition of Pro Tempore : University of Texas)

Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate

No. Period President Pro Tempore
1 1789-00 John Langdon, NH1
2 1791-92 Richard Henry Lee, VA
3 1792-94 John Langdon, NH
4 1794-00 Ralph Izard, SC
5 1794-96 Henry Tazewell, VA
6 1796-00 Samuel Livermore, NH
7 1796-97 William Bingham, PA
8 1797-00 William Bradford, RI
9 1797-98 Jacob Read, SC
10 1798-00 Theodore Sedgwick, MA
11 1798-99 John Laurence, NY
12 1799-00 James Ross, PA
13 1799-00 Samuel Livermore, NH
14 1800-00 Uriah Tracy, CT
15 1800-00 John E. Howard, MD
16 1800-01 James Hillhouse, CT
17 1801-02 Abraham Baldwin, GA
18 1802-03 Stephen R. Bradley, VT
19 1803-04 John Brown, KY
20 1804-00 Jesse Franklin, NC
21 1804-05 Joseph Anderson, TN
22 1805-08 Samuel Smith, MD
23 1808-09 Stephen R. Bradley, VT
24 1809-00 John Milledge, GA
25 1809-00 Andrew Gregg, PA
26 1809-10 John Gaillard, SC
27 1810-11 John Pope, KY
28 1811-13 William H. Crawford, GA
29 1813-14 Joseph B. Varnum, MA
30 1814-18 John Gaillard, SC
31 1818-19 James Barbour, VA
32 1819-25 John Gaillard, SC
33 1825-27 Nathaniel Macon, NC
34 1827-30 Samuel Smith, MD
35 1830-32 Littleton Waller Tazewell, VA
36 1832-33 Hugh Lawson White, TN
37 1833-34 George Poindexter, MS
38 1834-35 John Tyler, VA
39 1835-41 William R. King, AL
40 1841-00 Samuel L. Southard, NJ
41 1841-45 Willie P. Mangum, NC
42 1845-49 David R. Atchison, MO
43 1849-52 William R. King, AL
44 1852-54 David R. Atchison, MO
45 1854-55 Jesse D. Bright, IN
46 1855-00 Lewis Cass, MI
47 1855-56 Jesse D. Bright, IN
48 1856-57 James M. Mason, VA
49 1857-00 Thomas J. Rusk, TX
No. Period President Pro Tempore
50 1857-60 Benjamin Fitzpatrick, AL
51 1860-00 Jesse D. Bright, IN
52 1860-64 Solomon Foot, VT
53 1864-65 Daniel Clark, NH
54 1865-66 Lafayette S. Foster, CT
55 1866-69 Benjamin F. Wade, OH
56 1869-73 Henry B. Anthony, RI
57 1873-75 Matthew H. Carpenter, WI
58 1875-00 Henry B. Anthony, RI
59 1875-79 Thomas W. Ferry, MI
60 1879-81 Allen G. Thurman, OH
61 1881-82 Thomas F. Bayard, DE
62 1882-00 David Davis, IL
63 1882-85 George F. Edmunds, VT
64 1885-86 John Sherman, OH
65 1886-90 John J. Ingalls, KS
66 1890-92 Charles F. Manderson, NE
67 1892-94 Isham G. Harris, TN
68 1894-95 Matt W. Ransom, NC
69 1895-00 Isham G. Harris, TN
70 1895-11 William P. Frye, ME2
71 1911-00 Charles Curtis, KS3
72 1912-13 Augustus O. Bacon, GA4
73 1912-13 Jacob H. Gallinger, NH5
74 1912-00 Henry Cabot Lodge, MA6
75 1912-00 Frank B. Brandegee, CT7
76 1913-16 James P. Clarke, AR8
77 1916-19 Willard Saulsbury, DE
78 1919-25 Albert B. Cummins, IA
79 1925-33 George H. Moses, NH
80 1933-40 Key Pittman, NV
81 1940-41 William H. King, UT
82 1941-00 Pat Harrison, MS9
83 1941-44 Carter Glass, VA
84 1945-46 Kenneth McKellar, TN
85 1947-48 Authur H. Vandenberg, MI
86 1949-52 Kenneth McKellar, TN
87 1953-54 Styles Bridges, NH
88 1955-56 Walter F. George, GA
89 1957-68 Carl Hayden, AZ
90 1969-71 Richard B. Russell, GA10
91 1971-72 Allen J. Ellender, LA11
92 1972-78 James O. Eastland, MS
93 1979-80 Warren G. Magnuson, WA
94 1980-00 Milton Young, ND12
95 1981-86 Strom Thurmond, SC
96 1987-88 John C. Stennis, MS
97 1989-94 Robert C. Byrd, WV
98 1995-99 Strom Thurmond, SC

1. Elected to count the vote for President and Vice President, which was done Apr. 6, 1789, a quorum of the Senate then appearing for the first time. 2. Resigned as President pro tempore Apr. 27, 1911. 3. Elected to serve Dec. 4-12, 1911. 4. Elected to serve Jan. 11-17, Mar. 11-12, Apr. 8, May 10, May 30 to June 1 and 3, June 13 to July 5, Aug. 1-10, and Aug. 27 to Dec. 15, 1912; Jan. 5-18, and Feb. 2-15, 1913. 5. Elected to serve Feb. 12-14, Apr. 26-27, May 7, July 6-31, Aug. 12-26, 1912; Dec. 16, 1912, to Jan. 4, 1913, Jan. 19 to Feb. 1, and Feb. 16 to Mar. 3, 1913. 6. Elected to serve Mar. 25-26, 1912. 7. Elected to serve May 25, 1912. 8. Died Oct. 1, 1916. 9. Died June 22, 1941. 10. Died Jan. 21, 1971. 11. Died July 27, 1972. 12. Elected President pro tempore for one day, Dec. 5, 1980, which was at the end of his 36-year career in the Senate. He was Republican, which was the minority party.

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