Types of Cyber Crimes: Cyber Bullying, Threats, Harassment, and Stalking in United States
Types of Cyber Crimes: Cyber Bullying, Threats, Harassment, and Stalking
Overview of Types of Cyber Crimes: Cyber Bullying, Threats, Harassment, and Stalking in relation to cyber crime: [1] In the United States the federal government and many states have passed laws banning these types of illicit behaviors, although legal definitions and common understanding of what actually constitutes violations of criminal laws and even social norms online vary considerably. For example, currently, there is no universally accepted definition of online harassment. The term can be difficult to define because it is open to interpretation. Online harassment may best be thought of as a set of abusive behaviors that involve using the Internet to send or post harmful messages to or about a person or persons. Online harassment can also be thought of as one aspect of cyber bullying involving the use of technologies such as email, instant messaging, pager and cell-phone text messaging, or Web sites to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by individuals or groups against another person or persons. In most cases, the illicit behaviors are intentional, repeated, and aggressive.
Resources
Notes and References
- By James P. Colt
See Also
- Types of Cybercrime
- Cybercriminal
Further Reading
Belsey, B. (2004). Web site available at www.cyberbullying.ca; Conn, K. (2004). Bullying and harassment: A legal guide for educators. Alexandria, VA: ACSD; Espelage, D., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 78(3), 323–333; Glover, S., & Huffstutter, P. J. (2008, January 9). L.A. grand jury issues subpoenas in web suicide case. The Los Angeles Times. See http://www .latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-myspace9jan09,0,993796.story? coll=la-headlines-pe-california; Li, Q. (2006). Cyber-bullying in schools: A research of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27(2), 157–170; Patchin, J., & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 4(2), 148–169; Willard, N. (2006). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats: Responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats, and distress. Eugene, OR: Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use; Ybarra, M., & Mitchell, K. (2004). Online aggressors and targets: a comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308–1316; Ybarra, M., Mitchell, K., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2006). Examining characteristics and associated distress related to internet harassment: Findings from the second youth Internet survey. Pediatrics, 118(4), 1169–1177.