Women International Law Part 7 in the United States

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Askin, Kelly D., and Dorean M. Koenig (eds.). Women and International Human Rights Law (vols. 1 & 2)
Dorinda G. Dallmeyer
American Journal of International Law
Volume 94, Number 3, July 2000    p.606 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW

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Persecution On Account Of Gender: A Need For Refugee Law Reform
Bret Thiele
Hastings Women’s Law Journal
Volume 11, Number 2, Summer 2000    p.221 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW
Reacting to the horrors committed during World War II and the subsequent mass migration of individuals across State boundaries, the international community in 1951 agreed to a definition of refugee. This definition is still in use internationally and reflected in U.S. domestic law. This article illustrates how the current definition of refugee is limited and therefore inadequate to protect millions of persons, namely those persecuted or facing persecution on account of gender. Likewise, recent developments in refugee law do not sufficiently provide protection to individuals facing gender-specific forms of persecution. This article argues for the addition of a gender category to the U.S., and ultimately the international, definition of refugee. While adding a gender category to the existing definition would not in itself be specific to either men or women, it would be particularly helpful in ensuring that women fleeing persecution on account of their gender are entitled to legal recognition and protection as refugees.

67
All Things Being Equal: Affirmative Action and Candidate Selection from a Scottish Perspective
Kirsteen Davidson, Rhona Smith, Ruth Webster & Nicole Busby
Hastings Women’s Law Journal
Volume 11, Number 2, Summer 2000    p.291 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW
This article examines some of the issues surrounding attempts to increase the participation of women in formal political structures. Although prominent on the international agenda, only Scandinavia comes close to a true gender balance. Within an international political and legal context, this article examines the remarkable improvement in female representation which has occurred in Scotland since 1997. Scotland is an ideal case study with recent elections to the Local Councils, the Scottish Parliament, the national Westminster Parliament and the European Parliament. In some instances, different techniques of affirmative action or reverse discrimination were employed. Each of these elections will be examined in turn. In conclusion, it will be submitted that the law permits affirmative action measures to redress existing gender imbalance. Now, all that is needed is the translation of the law and the political rhetoric into reality.

68
Women and Globalization: The Failure and Postmodern Possibilities of International Law
Barbara Stark
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
Volume 33, Number 3, May 2000    p.503 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW

69
Human Rights and Wrongs in Our Own Backyard: Incorporating International Human Rights Protections Under Domestic Civil Rights Law —A Case Study of Women in United States Prisons
Martin A. Geer
Harvard Human Rights Journal
Volume 13, Spring 2000    p.71 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW

70
Women and International Human Rights Law (K.D. ASKIN & D.M. KOENIG)
Louise Tsang
International Journal of Legal Information
Volume 28, Number 3, Winter 2000    p.571 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW

71
HUMAN RIGHTS PURPOSES OF THE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW’S ENHANCEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL POWER
Jordan J. Paust
Houston Journal of International Law
Volume 22, Number 2, Winter 2000    p.209 LAW JOURNAL / LAW REVIEW