State in United States
State Definition
(Lat. stare, to place, establish). In Governmental Law. A self-sufla,cient body of persons united together in one community for the defense of their rights, and to do right and justice to foreigners. In this sense, the state means the whole people united into one body politic; and the “state,” and the “people of the state,” are eauivalent expressions. 1 Pet. Cond. Rep. (U. S.) 37-39; 2 Dall. (Pa.) 425; 3 Dall. (Pa.) 93; 2 Wilson, Lect. 120; Dane, Abr. Append. §50, p. 63; 1 Story, Const. §361. A body governmental and politic, comprising all the human beings within a certain defined territory, organized for the purpose of governing, and which does supremely govern, within the limits of that territory. The positive or actual organization of the legislative or judicial powers; thus, the actual government of the state is designated by the name of the state; hence the expression, the state has passed such a law or prohibited such an act. The section of territory occupied by a state; as, the state of Pennsylvania. One of the commonwealths which form the United States of America. In Practice. To make known specifically; to explain particularly; as, to state an account, or to show the different items in an account; to state the cause of action in a declaration.
State in Foreign Legal Encyclopedias
| Link | Description |
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| State | State in the World Legal Encyclopedia. |
| State | State in the European Legal Encyclopedia. |
| State | State in the Asian Legal Encyclopedia. |
| State | State in the UK Legal Encyclopedia. |
| State | State in the Australian Legal Encyclopedia. |
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| State | State in the Family Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the IP Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Commercial Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Criminal Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Antritrust Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Bankruptcy Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Constitutional Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Tax Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the and Finance and Banking Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Employment and Labor Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Personal Injury and Tort Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
| State | State in the Environmental Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law. |
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Legal Issue for Attorneys
(Lat. stare, to place, establish). In Governmental Law. A self-sufla,cient body of persons united together in one community for the defense of their rights, and to do right and justice to foreigners. In this sense, the state means the whole people united into one body politic; and the “state,” and the “people of the state,” are eauivalent expressions. 1 Pet. Cond. Rep. (U. S.) 37-39; 2 Dall. (Pa.) 425; 3 Dall. (Pa.) 93; 2 Wilson, Lect. 120; Dane, Abr. Append. §50, p. 63; 1 Story, Const. §361. A body governmental and politic, comprising all the human beings within a certain defined territory, organized for the purpose of governing, and which does supremely govern, within the limits of that territory. The positive or actual organization of the legislative or judicial powers; thus, the actual government of the state is designated by the name of the state; hence the expression, the state has passed such a law or prohibited such an act. The section of territory occupied by a state; as, the state of Pennsylvania. One of the commonwealths which form the United States of America. In Practice. To make known specifically; to explain particularly; as, to state an account, or to show the different items in an account; to state the cause of action in a declaration.
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This definition of State Is based on the The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary . This definition needs to be proofread..
State
United States Constitution
According to the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, about its article titled STATEThe declaration of independence declares that the “united colonies” are, as they ought mk mm to be, “free and independent states.” The term “states” was chosen to indicate their status as autonomous political communities. The state was the result of the social compact, binding man to man and
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State
Introduction to State
State, in political science, generally a group of people inhabiting a specific territory and living according to a common legal and political authority; a body politic or nation. In this definition, the term state includes government; in another usage, the two terms are synonymous. Among types of states that developed at various times in history were the city-states of ancient Greece, in which sovereignty rested with the free citizens of an independent city. During the Middle Ages, Europe was divided politically into many small principalities, the boundaries and sovereignties of which changed frequently. From this condition of political anarchy, the modern nation-state, which consists of a group of people with the same or similar nationality inhabiting a definite territory, emerged by a gradual process extending over centuries. The type of government has varied, first taking the form of absolute monarchies and later of constitutional monarchies or republics, some of them federations or unions of semi-independent states. In the 20th century totalitarian dictatorships, in which one ruler assumes absolute power, have been established in some states.” (1)
state Background
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about State in the Encarta Online Encyclopedia
Guide to State
State in State Statute Topics
Introduction to State (State statute topic)
The purpose of State is to provide a broad appreciation of the State legal topic. Select from the list of U.S. legal topics for information (other than State).
state Background
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- Information about State in the Gale Encyclopedia of American Law.
State in 1899 (United States)
The following information about State is from the Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers.
STATE, Department of. This is the oldest, and ranks by long established usage as the first, of the departments of the United States government. Founded by act of July 27, 1789 (1 Stat. at Large, p. 28), the department is presided over by a secretary of state, who is a member of the cabinet, and is sometimes (though erroneously) styled prime minister. The functions of the secretary of state embrace a great variety of responsible duties. He is the organ of the government in all communications of whatever nature with foreign government. Such communications, although in form purporting to emanate from the president whenever important diplomatic matters are concerned, are always prepared at the department of state, and signed by the secretary, although they must first have the president’s approval. The secretary conducts all correspondence with the ministers and consuls of the United States residing abroad; he has exclusive charge of negotiations concerning foreign affairs; he only, according to official etiquette, can communicate with the representatives of foreign powers residing in the United States, upon public affairs. He is the official organ of correspondence between the president and the governors of the various states in the Union. He has charge of all treaties which have been made, and conducts negotiations as to new treaties or modifications of old ones. All the laws of the United States are preserved in the archives of the state department as they come enrolled on parchment from congress, after being approved by the president. The secretary publishes the United States laws, resolutions, presidential proclamations, treaties, etc., properly edited, in annual volumes. The secretary of state is custodian of the great seal of the United States, and affixes the seal with his countersign to commissions or appointments to office in the higher grades, to executive proclamations, to warrants for pardon, extradition, etc. He records and issues passports to Americans traveling abroad. He makes annual report to congress (more recently made monthly) on the commercial [788] relations of the United States with foreign countries, based upon information gathered by our ministers and consuls abroad. A register of the department of state is issued annually, with full lists of consular and diplomatic agents, salaries, fees collected, regulations concerning precedence of diplomatic agents, etc. The department also publishes a volume of consular regulations, in frequently revised editions.
-The secretary of state is aided by a first assistant secretary, who becomes acting secretary in his absence, salary $4,500; a second and third assistant secretary, salaries $3,500 each, who are charged with correspondence with diplomatic and consular officers, and with such public business and correspondence as may be assigned to them by the secretary. The business of the department is distributed among seven bureaus: a diplomatic bureau, having charge of correspondence with American ministers residing abroad; a consular bureau, charged with the correspondence with the consulates of the United States; a bureau of indexes and archives, having charge of the mails, the registry and indexing of correspondence, and the preservation of the archives; a bureau of accounts, having the custody and disbursement of appropriations, care of funds and bonds, and of the building and property of the department; a bureau of rolls and library, having custody of the rolls, treaties and laws, with their promulgation and the care of the library and public documents, as well as of the revolutionary archives; a bureau of statistics, charged with the preparation of the reports upon commercial relations; and a law bureau, for the examination of all claims, and of questions of law submitted by the secretary or his assistants.
-This widely distributed business is performed by a force of sixty-two officers and clerks, besides fourteen messengers and laborers, drawing annual salaries to the amount of $112,350 in 1884. The contingent and miscellaneous expenses of the department of state amounted to the very moderate sum of $25,050 the same year. The department is located in the new and commodious granite building forming the south wing of the massive edifice known as the state, war and navy department building, erected in 1871-81. The department of state has had as its secretaries, from the beginning of the government, a series of statesmen distinguished in the political annals of the country. The following list exhibits the names, with the term of office occupied by each.
SECRETARIES OF STATE1. Thomas Jefferson… Sept. 26, 17892. Edmund Randolph… Jan. 2, 17943. Timothy Pickering… Dec. 10, 17954. John Marshall… May 13, 18005. James Madison… March 5, 18016. Robert Smith… March 6, 18097. james Monroe… April 2, 18118. John Quincy Adams… March 5, 18179. Henry Clay… March 7, 182510. Martin Van Buren… March 6, 182911. Edward Livingston… May 24, 183112. Louis McLane… May 29, 183313. John Forsyth… June 27, 183414. Daniel Webster… March 3, 184115. Hugh S. Legar… May 9, 184316. Abel P. Upehur… July 24, 184817. John C. Calhoun… March 6, 184418. James Buchanan… March 6, 184519. John M. Clayton… March 7, 1849 Daniel Webster… July 22, 185020. Edward Everett… Nov 6, 185221. William L. Marcy… March 7, 185322. Lewis Case… March 6, 185723. Jeremiah S. Black… Dec. 17, 186024. William H. Seward… March 5, 186125. Elihu B. Washburne… March 5, 186926. Hamilton Fish… March 11, 186927. William M. Evarts… March 12, 187728. James G. Blame… March 5, 188129. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen… Dec. 12, 1881
Author of this text: A. R. Spofford.
State in 1899 (United States)
The following information about State is from the Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers.
STATE, The. Although natural, and founded on what is most imperious in our sympathies and our wants, society is not maintained and preserved without an effort. The bond which holds it together would be weak indeed and forever in jeopardy if a protective power were not established superior to individual wills to keep them within bounds and to defend the persons and the rights of each against the attacks of violence. Men may wish to see the authority here referred to invested with this form or that; they may attribute to it this or that historical origin: but all agree that it is indispensable to the maintenance of human society,
and that only perfectly wise or perfectly brute creatures can do without government.
-But it is clear that there is a great difference between the purely repressive authority with which the elders of a tribe are invested, and the complicated and powerful organism called the state in nations advanced in civilization. When society has reached a certain degree of development; when the cultivation of land possessed in common or appropriated by individuals requires security; when foresight inspired by offensive or defensive war has engendered the habit in a people of making certain preparations in common in view of common danger and enterprises in common; and when certain ideas, beliefs and feelings, held by all the members of a given society, have given birth to the moral unity of the nation, the nation is necessarily developed, and assumes a character of solidity, duration and permanence. It extends its sphere of action, and is completed by the addition and regular working of numerous wheels, each having a distinct existence, and all functioning in harmony. The living personification of the fatherland, the instrument of its strength at home and abroad, the author and enforcer of the law, the supreme arbiter of interests, judge of peace and war, the protector of the weak, the representative of all that is general in the wants of society, the organ of the common reason and of the collective force of society: such is the state in all its power and majesty. Superior to all it governs, the state nevertheless owes to its own citizens all that it is. But it is absolutely necessary that we should remark: what society has confided to the guardianship of the state as a precious deposit depends no more upon society than it does upon the state-the sacred deposit of justice. (See JUSTICE.) Justice does not emanate from the individuals who compose society; it imposes itself on them as their rule of action. In vain do certain publicists maintain that the state can do everything because it is above everything. Nothing is more destitute of foundation than such an assertion. Its rights would be limited by its duties even if they were not limited by positive guarantees written in the laws. The state, too, has a rule and bridle in justice. The law emanates from the state. But the power to make the law and to employ force in its service, does not imply that the state has the unlimited power to make what is unjust just, or the just unjust, at its pleasure. Human beings are subject to moral laws, against which the state has no more power than it has against the physical laws which govern matter.-(See NATION, CHECKS AND BALANCES, GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENTAL INTERFERENCE, LEGISLATION, REPRESENTATION.)
Author of this text: B.
State Definition in the Legislative Process
The following is a definition of State, by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL): One of the fifty units constituting the United States of America.
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- Legislative Power
- Legislative History
- Legislative Ethics
- Legislative Session
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State in the International Business Landscape
Definition of State in the context of U.S. international business and public trade policy: An organization that claims a monopoly of legitimate use of force within a given territory. Also see government.
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