Sanctions Laws in the United States

List of Sanctioned Countries

U.S. Economic Sanctions Current Legislation related to Countries

This section offers information on the U.S. law on foreign policy sanctions related to the following sactioned countries in the history of the U.S. foreign policy of economic sanctions:

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); Palestinian Authority

• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).
• § 553, Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-187) (prohibits foreign assistance to the PLO for the West Bank and Gaza unless the President invokes authority pursuant to § 604(a) of the Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1995).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 566, Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-194) (prohibits Economic Support Funds for the Palestinian Authority).
• § 114(a), State Department Authorization Act, FY1984-1985 (Public Law 98- 164; 22 USC 287e note) (prohibits U.S. funds to United Nations from being used to support certain Palestinian entities (similar language in subsequent foreign relations authorization measures).
• § 414, Foreign Relations Authorization Act, FY1990-1991 (Public Law 101- 246; 22 USC 287e note) (prohibits U.S. funds to United Nations if it accords the PLO status equal to that of its member states).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 37, Bretton Woods Agreements Act (Public Law 79-171; 22 USC 286w) (states that granting of member or observer status to PLO by the International Monetary Fund would “”result in a serious diminution of United States support””).
• § 1003, Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987 (Public Law 100-204; 22 USC 5202) (prohibits to receive anything of value from, expend funds from, or establish an office for, the PLO).

Afghanistan

§ 620D, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2374) (prohibits foreign assistance).

Angola

• § 2(b)(11), Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (Public Law 79-173; 12 USC 635(b)(11)) (prohibits Export-Import Bank credits).
• § 316, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (Public Law 99-661; 10 USC 2304 note) (prohibits Department of Defense contracts).

Azerbaijan

§ 907, FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law 102-511; 22 USC 5812 note) (restricts foreign assistance to Azerbaijan) (waived, in part, for FY1999 by paragraph titled “Assistance for the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union”, subsec. (f), in title II of sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-160).

Bosnia-Hercegovina

Assistance for Eastern Europe and the Baltic States, title II, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-159) (authorizes President to withhold economic revitalization funds for Bosnia- Hercegovina if he finds noncompliance with Dayton Agreement concerning the withdrawal of foreign forces and cessation of cooperation between Iranian and Bosnian intelligence communities).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

§ 570, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-195) (prohibits foreign assistance (excluding humanitarian, democratization, or border protection assistance, U.S. Armed Forces in Bosnia-requested project support, funds to implement the Brcko Arbital Decision, Dayton Agreement-related monetary or fiscal policy support, direct lending to a non-sanctioned entity, or assistance to the International Police Task Force for training a civilian police force), transactions under the Arms Export Control Act, and U.S. support of international financial institution funding to any country, entity or canton where the Secretary of State has found and determined that authorities of that entity have failed to take necessary and significant steps to apprehend and transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia any indicted person).

Burma (Myanmar)

• § 138, Customs and Trade Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-382) (authorizes President to impose such economic sanctions as he determines to be appropriate).
• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

§ 570, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1997 (§ 101(c) of title I of Public Law 104-208) (prohibits most foreign assistance; requires “no” votes in international financial institutions; authorizes President to restrict visas and impose investment sanctions, until such time that the President determines and certifies that Burma has made measurable and substantial progress in improving human rights and implementing democratic government).

Cambodia

• § 906, International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83) (prohibits certain aid to Khmer Rouge).
• Cambodia, title II, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-156) (prohibits most foreign assistance to Government of Cambodia (excluding demining or activities administered by nongovernmental organizations)).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

§ 578, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-200) (requires the Secretary of the Treasury to instruct U.S. executive directors of international financial institutions to oppose loans to Government of Cambodia, except loans supporting basic human needs).

Chile

§ 726, International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113) (prohibits most security and military assistance to Chile until the President certifies on certain conditions in human rights, terrorism, extraterritorial assassination) (such a certification was made in Department of State Public Notice 1333 of September 30, 1990).

Colombia

§ 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).

Congo (former Zaire)

• § 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).
• § 575, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-199) (prohibits some foreign assistance to the central Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo until President determines and certifies that government is investigating and prosecuting human rights violations, and is implementing a credible democratic transition program).

Croatia

§ 570, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-195) (prohibits foreign assistance (excluding humanitarian, democratization, or border protection assistance, U.S. Armed Forces in Bosnia-requested project support, funds to implement the Brcko Arbital Decision, Dayton Agreement-related monetary or fiscal policy support, direct lending to a non-sanctioned entity, or assistance to the International Police Task Force for training a civilian police force), transactions under the Arms Export Control Act, and U.S. support of international financial institution funding to any country, entity or canton where the Secretary of State has found and determined that authorities of that entity have failed to take necessary and significant steps to apprehend and transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia any indicted person).

Cuba

• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization. Further prohibits funding for International Atomic Energy Agency participation in certain projects in Cuba).
• § 620(a), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22USC2370(a)) (prohibits foreign assistance; authorizes total embargo).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• §620(y), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2370(y)) (reduces foreign assistance to any country found to be assisting Cuba’s nuclear power development).
• § 902(c), Food Security Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-198; 7 USC 1446 note) (prohibits sugar import quota to any country found to be importing for reexport to the United States sugar produced in Cuba).
• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).
• § 1704(b), Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 22 USC 6003(b)) (authorizes the prohibition of foreign assistance, arms export assistance, and debt forgiveness to any country conducting trade with Cuba).
• § 1705, Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 22 USC 6004) (limits terms for donations and exportation of food and medicine to Cuba).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 1706, Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 22 USC 6005) (prohibits licenses for exportation to Cuba; restricts port access to ships that have docked in Cuba; restricts remittances).
• § 102(h), Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22 USC 6032) (codifies 31 CFR part 515 (Cuban Assets Control Regulations) in permanent law).
• § 103, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22 USC 6033) (prohibits indirect financing of any transaction involving confiscated property the claim to which is owned by a U.S. national).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 104, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22USC6034) (authorizes opposition in international financial institutions to admission of Cuba; reduces U.S. contribution to any international financial institution that completes most transactions with Cuba).
• § 105, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22 USC 6035) (requires continued effort to maintain suspension of Government of Cuba from Organization of American States participation).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 111(b), Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22 USC 6041(b)) (withholds assistance from any country found to be supporting the completion of Cuba’s nuclear facility at Juragua, Cuba).
• § 302, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22 USC 6082) (makes liable for civil claims anyone trafficking in confiscated property, to which a U.S. citizen has made a claim, in Cuba).
• § 401, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114;22 USC 6091) (authorizes the Secretary of State to deny a visa to any alien who has trafficked in confiscated property in Cuba).

Guatemala

• International Military Education and Training, title III, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of divisionAof Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-164) (restricts International Military Education and Training funding).
• Foreign Military Financing Program, title III, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-166) (prohibits Foreign Military Finance funding).

Haiti

• § 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).
• § 561, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-191) (requires Presidential certification on narcotics control, human rights, privatization, and emigration, issues before foreign assistance is made available).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

§ 616, Department of State Appropriations Act, FY1999 (sec. 101(b) of division Aof PublicLaw 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-114) (prohibits State Department funding for visa issuance to certain Haitians involved in extrajudicial and political killings, or to certain members of the Haitian High Command during 1991-1994).

Honduras

§ 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).

Indonesia

• International Military Education and Training, title III, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-164) (restricts International Military Education and Training funding).
• § 569, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-195) (requires any agreement for sale, transfer, or licensing of lethal equipment or helicopter for Indonesia entered into by United States to state that the United States expects that the items will not be used in East Timor).

Iran

• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).
• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).
• § Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990 (§ 586 through 586J of Public Law 101-513) (made applicable to Iran pursuant to § 1603, Public Law 102-484; see discussion under “”Iraq””).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 1604, Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 50 USC 1701 note) (sanctions individuals for contributing to Iraq’s or Iran’s efforts to acquire chemical, biological, nuclear, or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons).
• § 1605, Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 50 USC 1701 note) (sanctions foreign countries for contributing to Iraq’s or Iran’s efforts to acquire chemical, biological, nuclear, or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

§§ 5, 6, Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-172; 50 USC 1701 note) (authorizes the President to impose two or more of following sanctions on person if found to have engaged in investment in Iran: prohibit Export-Import Bank assistance, deny export licenses, prohibit U.S. financial institutions from making loans to sanctioned person, further restrict financial institutions from certain transactions, prohibit procurement contracts, restrict importation).

Iraq

• § 586C, 586F, 586G, Iraq Sanctions Act (in title V of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991; Public Law101-513) (continues President’s imposition of trade embargo; prohibits arms sales, foreign military financing programs, export licenses for U.S. Munitions List items, items controlled for national security or foreign policy reasons, and nuclear equipment, materials, and technology. Requires U.S. vote against international financial institution funding, prohibited Export- Import bank funding, Commodity Credit Corporation assistance, and most U.S. foreign assistance).
• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).
• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).
• § 535, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-181) (prohibits foreign assistance and transactions under the Arms Export Control Act to any country not in compliance with U.N. sanctions against Iraq).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 1604, Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 50 USC 1701 note) (sanctions individuals for contributing to Iraq’s or Iran’s efforts to acquire chemical, biological, nuclear, or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons).
• § 1605, Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-484; 50 USC 1701 note) (sanctions foreign countries for contributing to Iraq’s or Iran’s efforts to acquire chemical, biological, nuclear, or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons).

Liberia

• Foreign Military Financing Program, title III, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-165) (prohibits Foreign Military Financing funding).
• §520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).

Libya

• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).
• § 504, International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83) (authorizes the President to prohibit importation and exportation of goods and services from/to Libya).
• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).
• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• §§ 5, 6, Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-172; 50 USC 1701 note) (authorizes the President to impose two or more of following sanctions on person if found to have engaged in investment in Libya: prohibit Export-Import Bank assistance, deny export licenses, prohibit U.S. financial institutions from making loans to sanctioned person, further restrict financial institutions from certain transactions, prohibit procurement contracts, restrict importation).
• § 5, Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-172; 50 USC 1701 note) (further requires mandatory sanctions as described above if person is found to have contributed to Libya’s ability to acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons, or enhanced Libya’s military or paramilitary capabilities; contributed to Libya’s petroleum resource development; contributed to Libya’s ability to maintain its aviation capabilities).

Mauritania

§ 202, Human Rights, Refugee, and Other Foreign Relations Provisions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-319; 22 USC 2151 note) (states the President should prohibit economic and military assistance and arms transfers to Government of Mauritania for human rights reasons).

Nicaragua

§ 722, International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83) (prohibits foreign assistance and arms sales to paramilitary organizations and insurgent groups in Nicaragua).

North Korea

• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).
• International Organizations and Programs, title IV, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-169) (prohibits IO & P funding from being made available for Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) programs).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2481-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).
• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).
• § 8060, Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105-262; 112 Stat. 2311) (prohibits DOD appropriations assistance).

Pakistan

• § 620E(e), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2375(e)) (prohibits military assistance and military sales) (waived for one year, through October 1999, pursuant to sec. 902 of the India-Pakistan Relief Act of 1998 (title IX of sec. 101(a) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-40; see footnote 8).
• § 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).

Panama

§ 1302, National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 (Public Law 100- 456; 22 USC 2151 note) (prohibits U.S. funding for Panamanian Defense Force).

People’s Republic of China

• § 103, International Development and Finance Act of 1989 (Public Law 101- 240; 12 USC 635 note) (prohibits finance of trade with, or credits, loan, credit guarantees, insurance or reinsurance to China; waived on day it was signed into law).
• § 902, Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101-246; 22 USC 2151 note) (continues: suspension of Overseas Private Investment Corporation insurance, reinsurance, financing or guarantees; suspension of new projects by the Trade and Development Agency; suspension of exports of most defense articles on the U.S. Munitions List (USML); and nuclear trade and cooperation. Prohibits: export licenses for crime control and detection equipment; Suspends: U.S. satellite exports and liberalization of multilateral export controls)[23].

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 610, Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101-162). (prohibits State Department appropriations to be used for approving export licenses to China for launch of U.S.-built satellites; waived on case-by-case basis).
• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).
• § 2826, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 105-85) (prohibits conveyance of Long Beach Naval Station property to the China Ocean Shipping Company — COSCO).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

§ 8120, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law 105-262; 112 Stat. 2332) (prohibits and U.S. DOD funds for procurement or research, development, test, and evaluation (RDTE) from being used to “enter into or renew a contract with any company owned, or partially owned, by the People’s Republic of China or the People’s Liberation Army of the People’s Republic of China).

Republika Srpska

§ 570, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-195) (prohibits foreign assistance (excluding humanitarian, democratization, or border protection assistance, U.S. Armed Forces in Bosnia-requested project support, funds to implement the Brcko Arbital Decision, Dayton Agreement-related monetary or fiscal policy support, direct lending to a non-sanctioned entity, or assistance to the International Police Task Force for training a civilian police force), transactions under the Arms Export Control Act, and U.S. support of international financial institution funding to any country, entity or canton where the Secretary of State has found and determined that authorities of that entity have failed to take necessary and significant steps to apprehend and transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia any indicted person).

Russia (see also [Former] Soviet Union/East Bloc)

• § 498A(b), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195;22 USC 2295A(b)) (states ineligibility for foreign assistance to governments of the independent states).
• § 498A(d), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195;22 USC 2295A(d)) (reduces foreign assistance when Russia is found to be assisting Cuba with intelligence facilities).
  Assistance for the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union, title II, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-159) (Subsec. (c) withholds 50 percent of funding under this paragraph until the President determines and certifies that Russia has terminated arrangements with Iran to provide that country nuclear technical expertise, training, technology, or equipment).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 517, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-174) (prohibits foreign assistance without agreement with Russia that such assistance will not be subject to certain customs duties).
• § 572, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-198) (prohibits foreign assistance to Government of the Russian Federation unless President determines and certifies that the Government of the Russian Federation “”has implemented no statute, executive order, regulation or similar government action that would discriminate, or would have as its principal effect discrimination, against religious groups or religious communities…””).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 2(b)(12), Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 USC 635(b)(12)) (prohibits Export-Import Bank guarantees, insurance, credits, or other participation in connection with transactions of the Russian military if the military or government transfer or deliver an SS-N-22 missile system to China).
• § 1304, Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law 105-261; 22 USC 5952 note) (restricts Cooperative Threat Reduction funds to Russia for chemical weapons destruction until President certifies on implementation of Bilateral Destruction Agreement and general national security issues).
• § 1305, Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law 105-261; 22 USC 5952 note) (prohibits Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) funds to Russia for biological weapons destruction until Secretary of Defense reports on Russia’s use of CTR funds to develop new strains of anthrax).

South Africa

Development Assistance, title II, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-155) (prohibits development assistance funds to Central Government until Secretary of State certifies that U.S. is working with Government of South Africa toward the repeal, suspension, or termination of Medicines and Related Substances Control Amendment Act No. 90 of 1997).

[Former] Soviet Union/East Bloc

• § 498A(b), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195;22 USC 2295A(b)) (states ineligibility for foreign assistance to governments of the independent states).
• § 11A, Export Administration Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-72; 50 USC App. 2410a) (prohibits exports).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• Assistance for the New Independent States (NIS) of the Former Soviet Union, title II, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1998 (Public Law 105-118; 111 Stat. 2395) (subsec. (c) prohibits most foreign assistance to any NIS violating another NIS’s sovereignty (excludes humanitarian and refugee relief assistance. Subsec. (d) prohibits funding under this paragraph to be used for enhancing military capacity (excluding demilitarization, demining, or nonproliferation programs)).
• § 517, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-174) (prohibits foreign aid if a new independent state fails to make progress in implementing economic reforms; its government uses such aid to expropriate or seize assets; or it violates the territorial integrity or national sovereignty of another new independent state. Nor may funds may not be used to enhance military capability).

Sudan

Foreign Military Financing Program, title III, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-166) (prohibits Foreign Military Financing funding).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 2681-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).
• § 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).

Syria

• § 307, Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2227) (prohibits use of U.S. foreign assistance paid in as U.S. proportionate share to international organizations when those organizations run programs in Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, Iran, Cuba, or with the Palestine Liberation Organization).
• § 507, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-170) (prohibits direct foreign assistance).
• § 523, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-177) (prohibits indirect foreign assistance).

Turkey

§ 620(x), Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195; 22 USC 2370(x)) (suspends military assistance and transactions).

Ukraine

Assistance for the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union, title II, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-161) (subsec. (g) withholds 50 percent of funding made available to Ukraine under this paragraph, with certain exceptions, until the Secretary of State reports to the Committees on Appropriations that Ukraine has undertaken significant economic reforms).

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

§ 609, State Department Appropriations Act, FY1999 (sec. 101(b) of division Aof PublicLaw 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-112) (prohibits State Department funding for diplomatic or consular post until certain conditions are met).

Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)

• § 1511, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103-160; 50 USC 1701 note) (prohibits broad range of relations, freezes assets, travel, assistance, international financial institution support).
• § 520, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-176) (prohibits foreign assistance unless provided through Committee on Appropriations notification procedures).

Other U.S. Legislation on Economic Sanctions related to Countries regarding this Topic

• § 539, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-182) (prohibits use of any funds to lift sanctions until President certifies on certain conditions in Kosovo, and on Serbia’s compliance with the Dayton peace agreement and cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal).
• § 570, Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of division A of Public Law 105- 277; 112 Stat. 2681-195) (prohibits foreign assistance (excluding humanitarian, democratization, or border protection assistance, U.S. Armed Forces in Bosnia-requested project support, funds to implement the Brcko Arbital Decision, Dayton Agreement-related monetary or fiscal policy support, direct lending to a non-sanctioned entity, or assistance to the International Police Task Force for training a civilian police force), transactions under the Arms Export Control Act, and U.S. support of international financial institution funding to any country, entity or canton where the Secretary of State has found and determined that authorities of that entity have failed to take necessary and significant steps to apprehend and transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia any indicted person).

Countries-Related or Activities Sanctioned by The United States: the OFAC Sanctions List

The list of countries-related and activities below are regarding active economic sanctions by country or activity, with the date of last updated OFAC sanctions program:

• Balkans ​(02/03/2017)
• ​Belarus (​10/18/2016)
• ​Burundi (​06/02/2016)
• ​Central African Republic (​08/23/2016)
• ​Counter Narcotics Trafficking Sanctions (03/31/2017)
• ​Counter Terrorism Sanctions (04/06/2017)
• ​Cuba (​01/06/2017)
• ​Cyber-related Sanctions (​02/08/2017)
• ​Democratic Republic of the Congo (12/12/2016)
• ​Iran (​02/03/2017)
• ​Iraq (​04/04/2016)
• ​Lebanon (​07/30/2010)
• ​Libya (05/13/2016)
• Magnitsky Sanctions (​01/09/2017)
• ​Non-Proliferation Sanctions (​03/31/2017)
• ​North Korea (​03/31/2017)
• ​Rough Diamond Trade Controls (​05/21/2008)
• ​Somalia (​07/05/2012)
• ​Sudan and Darfur (​01/13/2017)
• ​South Sudan (​04/04/2016)
• ​Syria (​01/12/2017)
• ​Transnational Criminal Organizations (​04/06/2017)
• ​Ukraine-/Russia (​12/20/2016)
• ​Venezuela (​07/10/2015)
• ​Yemen (​04/14/2015)
• ​Zimbabwe

Due diligence under the U.S. sanctions laws: Business with sanctioned countries

Find more information on Due diligence under the U.S. sanctions laws: Business with sanctioned countries in relation to the Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions in the legal Encyclopedias.

Due diligence under the U.S. sanctions laws: Specially designated nationals

Find more information on Due diligence under the U.S. sanctions laws: Specially designated nationals in relation to the Export Control in Merger and Acquisitions in the legal Encyclopedias.

Sanctions laws and the International Trade Law

Resources

See Also

• OFAC Sanction List
• OFAC Sanctions
• Embargoes
• Export Control Laws
• Export Controls

Further Reading

• Sanctions laws entry in the Dictionary of International Trade Law (Raj Bhala)
• Sanctions laws entry in the Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History (Thomas Carson; Mary Bonk)
• Sanctions laws entry in the Dictionary of International Trade
• Sanctions laws entry in the Dictionary of International Trade: Handbook of the Global Trade Community (Edward G. Hinkelman)