Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes

Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes

Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes

Act Details

Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes was a proposal (now, a piece of legislation) introduced on 2000-06-14 in the House of Commons and Senate respectively of the 106 United States Congress by Spencer T. Bachus in relation with: Civil rights and liberties, minority issues, Commemorations, Congress, Congressional tributes, Government operations and politics, Minorities, Oaths, Prejudice, Race relations, Racism, Special weeks.

Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes became law (1) in the United States on 2000-11-09. It was referred to the following Committee(s): (2)

House Judiciary (HSJU)
sub Subcommittee on Constitution (sub 10)

Sponsor

Spencer T. Bachus, member of the US congress
Spencer T. Bachus, Republican, Representative from Alabama, district 6

The proposal had the following cosponsors:

Richard Hugh Baker, Republican, Representative, from Louisiana, district 6
Tammy Baldwin, Senator, from Wisconsin, district 2
Cass Ballenger, Republican, Representative, from North Carolina, district 10
Bill Barrett, Representative, from Nebraska, district 3
Xavier Becerra, Democrat, Representative, from California, district 30
Roy Blunt, Republican, Senator, from Missouri, district 7
Henry Bonilla, Republican, Representative, from Texas, district 23
David Edward Bonior, Democrat, Representative, from Michigan, district 10
Mack Bono, Representative, from California, district 44
Kevin Patrick Brady, Republican, Representative, from Texas, district 8
Corrine Brown, Democrat, Representative, from Florida, district 3
Sherrod Brown, Democrat, Senator, from Ohio, district 13
Ken Calvert, Republican, Representative, from California, district 43
Christopher B. Cannon, Republican, Representative, from Utah, district 3
Julia May Carson, Democrat, Representative, from Indiana, district 10
Michael Newbold Castle, Republican, Representative, from Delaware
Steve Chabot, Republican, Representative, from Ohio, district 1
Donna Marie Christensen, Democrat, Delegate
William Lacy Clay, Democrat, Representative, from Missouri, district 1
James Enos Clyburn, Democrat, Representative, from South Carolina, district 6
Robert E. (bud) Cramer, Democrat, Representative, from Alabama, district 5
Elijah Eugene Cummings, Democrat, Representative, from Maryland, district 7
Danny K. Davis, Democrat, Representative, from Illinois, district 7
Tom Davis, Representative, from Virginia, district 11
Julian Carey Dixon, Democrat, Representative, from California, district 32
John J. Duncan, Republican, Representative, from Tennessee, district 2
Jo Ann Emerson, Republican, Representative, from Missouri, district 8
Philip Sheridan English, Republican, Representative, from Pennsylvania, district 21
Robert Terry Everett, Republican, Representative, from Alabama, district 2
Thomas W. Ewing, Republican, Representative, from Illinois, district 15
Chaka Fattah, Democrat, Representative, from Pennsylvania, district 2
Vito John Fossella, Republican, Representative, from New York, district 13
Tillie Kidd Fowler, Republican, Representative, from Florida, district 4
Greg Ganske, Republican, Representative, from Iowa, district 4
Jim Gibbons, Representative, from Nevada, district 2
Wayne Thomas Gilchrest, Republican, Representative, from Maryland, district 1
Lindsey O. Graham, Republican, Senator, from South Carolina, district 3
Kay Granger, Republican, Representative, from Texas, district 12
Doc Hastings, Republican, Representative, from Washington, district 4
Walter William (wally) Herger, Republican, Representative, from California, district 2
Rick Hill, Republican, Representative, from Montana
Earl Frederick Hilliard, Democrat, Representative, from Alabama, district 7
David Lee Hobson, Republican, Representative, from Ohio, district 7
Peter Hoekstra, Republican, Representative, from Michigan, district 2
John Stephen (steve) Horn, Republican, Representative, from California, district 38
Amory Houghton, Republican, Representative, from New York, district 31
Asa Hutchinson, Republican, Representative, from Arkansas, district 3
Jesse Jackson, Representative, from Illinois, district 2
Lee Jackson, Representative, from Texas, district 18
William Jennings Jefferson, Democrat, Representative, from Louisiana, district 2
Nancy Lee Johnson, Republican, Representative, from Connecticut, district 6
Stephanie Tubbs Jones, Democrat, Representative, from Ohio, district 11
Walter Beaman Jones, Democrat, Representative, from North Carolina, district 3
M
arcia Carolyn (marcy) Kaptur
, Democrat, Representative, from Ohio, district 9
John Richard Kasich, Republican, Representative, from Ohio, district 12
Peter T. King, Republican, Representative, from New York, district 3
Jack Kingston, Republican, Representative, from Georgia, district 1
Jim Kolbe, Representative, from Arizona, district 5
Dennis Kucinich, Representative, from Ohio, district 10
Steven T. Kuykendall, Republican, Representative, from California, district 36
Ray H. Lahood, Republican, Representative, from Illinois, district 18
Steve Largent, Republican, Representative, from Oklahoma, district 1
James Albert Smith Leach, Republican, Representative, from Iowa, district 1
Barbara Lee, Democrat, Representative, from California, district 9
John R. Lewis, Democrat, Representative, from Georgia, district 5
Jim McCrery, Representative, from Louisiana, district 4
David Martin Mcintosh, Republican, Representative, from Indiana, district 2
Cynthia Ann Mckinney, Democrat, Representative, from Georgia, district 4
Carrie P. Meek, Democrat, Representative, from Florida, district 17
Gregory W. Meeks, Democrat, Representative, from New York, district 6
John L. Mica, Republican, Representative, from Florida, district 7
Juanita Millender-mcdonald, Democrat, Representative, from California, district 37
Daniel Miller, Republican, Representative, from Florida, district 13
Eleanor Holmes Norton, Democrat, Delegate, from Washington DC
Major Robert Odell Owens, Democrat, Representative, from New York, district 11
Michael Garver Oxley, Republican, Representative, from Ohio, district 4
Donald Payne, Representative, from New Jersey, district 10
Thomas Evert Petri, Republican, Representative, from Wisconsin, district 6
Charles W. (chip) Pickering, Republican, Representative, from Mississippi, district 3
Robert Jones (rob) Portman, Republican, Senator, from Ohio, district 2
Deborah D. Pryce, Republican, Representative, from Ohio, district 15
John Francis (jack) Quinn, Republican, Representative, from New York, district 30
Silvestre Reyes, Representative, from Texas, district 16
Bob Riley, Representative, from Alabama, district 3
Steven Rothman, Representative, from New Jersey, district 9
Paul Ryan, Republican, Representative, from Wisconsin, district 1
Pete Sessions, Republican, Representative, from Texas, district 5
Christopher H. Shays, Republican, Representative, from Connecticut, district 4
John E. Sweeney, Republican, Representative, from New York, district 22
Wilbert Joseph (billy) Tauzin, Republican, Representative, from Louisiana, district 3
William Marshall Thomas, Republican, Representative, from California, district 21
Bennie Thompson, Democrat, Representative, from Mississippi, district 2
John Thune, Republican, Senator, from South Dakota
John F. Tierney, Democrat, Representative, from Massachusetts, district 6
Edolphus Towns, Representative, from New York, district 10
Tom Udall, Senator, from New Mexico, district 3
Fred Upton, Representative, from Michigan, district 6
David Vitter, Republican, Senator, from Louisiana, district 1
Wesley Wade Watkins, Republican, Representative, from Oklahoma, district 3
Julius Caesar Watts, Republican, Representative, from Oklahoma, district 4
Wayne Edward (ed) Whitfield, Republican, Representative, from Kentucky, district 1
Lynn Woolsey, Representative, from California, district 6
Albert Russell Wynn, Democrat, Representative, from Maryland, district 4

Act Overview

  • Number: 102 (3)
  • Official Title as Introduced: Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes (4)
  • Date First Introduced: 2000-06-14
  • Sponsor Name: Albert Russell Wynn
  • Assignment Process: See Committe Assignments (5)
  • Latest Major Activity/Action: Enacted
  • Date Enacted (signed, in general (6), by President): 2000-11-09
  • Type: hjres (7)
  • Main Topic: Commemorations
  • Related Bills: (8)
  • Summary of Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes: Govtrack. Authored by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) of the Library of Congress.
  • Primary Source: Congress Website

Text of the Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes

Recognizes that the Birmingham Pledge is a significant contribution toward fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world.Commends the creators promoters and signatories of the Pledge for the steps they are taking to make the United States and the world a better place for all people.Expresses the sense of Congress that a particular week should be designated as National Birmingham Pledge Week.

Analysis

No analysis (criticism, advocacy, etc.) about Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes submitted yet.
Civil rights and liberties, minority issues
Commemorations
Congress
Congressional tributes
Government operations and politics
Minorities
Oaths
Prejudice
Race relations
Racism
Special weeks

Bill Notes

  • [Note 1] An Act (like Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes) or a resolution cannot become a law in the United States until it has been approved (passed) in identical form by both the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as signed by the President (but see (5)). If the two bodys of the Congress versions of a bill are not identical, one of the bodies might decide to take a further vote to adopt the bill (see more about the Congress process here). An Act may be pass in identical form with or without amendments and with or without conference. (see more about Enrollment).
  • [Note 2] Proposals are referred to committees for preliminary consideration, then debated, amended, and passed (or rejected) by the full House or Senate. To prevent endless shuttling of bills between the House and Senate, bills like Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes are referred to joint committees made up of members of both houses.
  • [Note 3] For more information regarding this legislative proposal, go to THOMAS, select “Bill Number,” search on (Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes)
  • [Note 4] Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes. The current official title of a bill is always present, assigned at introduction (for example, in this case, on 2000-06-14) and can be revised any time. This type of titles are sentences.
  • [Note 5] The Act is referred to the appropriate committee by the Speaker of any of the two Houses. Bills are placed on the calendar of the committee to which they have been assigned. See Assignment Process.
  • [Note 6] Regarding exceptions to President´s approval, a bill that is not signed (returned unsigned) by the President can still become law if at lest two thirds of each of the two bodys of the Congress votes to pass it, which is an infrequent case. See also Presidential Veto.
  • [Note 7] Legislative Proposal types can be: hr, hres, hjres, hconres, s, sres, sjres, sconres. An Act originating in the Senate is designated by the letter “S”, and a bill originating from the House of Representatives begins with “H.R.”, followed, in both cases, by its individual number which it retains throughout all its parliamentary process.
  • [Note 8] For information regarding related bill/s to Recognizing that the Birmingham Pledge has made a significant contribution in fostering racial harmony and reconciliation in the United States and around the world, and for other purposes, go to THOMAS.

Further Reading

  • “How our laws are made”, Edward F Willett; Jack Brooks, Washington, U.S. G.P.O.
  • “To make all laws : the Congress of the United States, 1789-1989”, James H Hutson- Washington, Library of Congress.
  • “Bills introduced and laws enacted: selected legislative statistics, 1947-1990”, Rozanne M Barry; Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.

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