Political Subdivision in the United States

Personal Jurisdiction in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976

Foreign states and political subdivisions

According to research about Political Subdivision from the Federal Judicial Center:Service on a foreign state or its political subdivisions must follow the requirements of § 1608(a). That section offers four alternative methods, in a descending hierarchy: 1. pursuant to a special arrangement between the plaintiff and the defendant state (for example, a contractual provision); or 2. under an international convention, such as the Hague Service Convention; or 3. if not possible under the first two, then the clerk of court may send the summons, complaint, and notice of suit by any form of mail requiring a signed receipt to the relevant foreign ministry; or 4. if service cannot be made under (3) above within thirty days, then at the plaintiff’s request from the clerk to the Department of State for transmission via diplomatic channels.29 The third and fourth alternatives require the summons, complaint, and notice of suit to be translated into the foreign state’s official language.

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