Personal Jurisdiction in the United States

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Corporate Affiliations and Agency Relationships

Personal Jurisdiction Based on Alter Ego Status in International Civil Litigation

Analysis of the Personal Jurisdiction Based on Alter Ego Status in relation to the Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts over Parties to International Disputes.

Law Governing Alter Ego Status

Read more information about Law Governing Alter Ego Status in this American Encyclopedia of Law.

Cannon Manufacturing: The Importance of Corporate Formalities

Read more information about Cannon Manufacturing: The Importance of Corporate Formalities in this American Encyclopedia of Law.

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Corporate Affiliations and Agency Relationships

Personal Jurisdiction Based on Agency Relationship in International Civil Litigation

Analysis of the Personal Jurisdiction Based on Agency Relationship in relation to the Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts over Parties to International Disputes.

Law Governing Agency Relationship for Jurisdictional Purposes

Read more information about Law Governing Agency Relationship for Jurisdictional Purposes in this American Encyclopedia of Law.

Agency Standards for Jurisdictional Purposes

Read more information about Agency Standards for Jurisdictional Purposes in this American Encyclopedia of Law.

Picked Source Texts on Agency as a Basis for Personal Jurisdiction in International Cases, FRUMMER v. HILTON HOTELS INTERNATIONAL WIMA v. ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PETROLEUM CO. CARTWRIGHT v. FOKKER AIRCRAFT U.S., IN . See Notes on Hilton Hotels, Wiwa and Fokker

Read more information about Picked Source Texts on Agency as a Basis for Personal Jurisdiction in International Cases, FRUMMER v. HILTON HOTELS INTERNATIONAL WIMA v. ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PETROLEUM CO. CARTWRIGHT v. FOKKER AIRCRAFT U.S., IN . See Notes on Hilton Hotels, Wiwa and Fokker in this American Encyclopedia of Law.

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Presumptive Enforceability of Judgments

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction of Rendering Court in International Civil Litigation

Analysis of the Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction of Rendering Court

Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Among the main judicial decisions on this topic:

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

References

Proof of Facts Allowing a Federal Court to Assert Personal Jurisdiction Over a Defendant Not Present in the United States

This section discusses generally the subject of Proof of Facts Allowing a Federal Court to Assert Personal Jurisdiction Over a Defendant Not Present in the United States, how to determine the facts essential to Proof of Facts Allowing a Federal Court to Assert Personal Jurisdiction Over a Defendant Not Present in the United States, and, to some extent, how to prove it in litigation and defense. Related topics are also addressed.

Resources

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Due Process Clauses

Personal Jurisdiction in Federal Courts: Federal Rule of Civil Procedure and the Due Process Clauses in International Civil Litigation

Analysis of the Personal Jurisdiction in Federal Courts: Federal Rule of Civil Procedure and the Due Process Clauses in relation to the Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts over Parties to International Disputes.

Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Among the main judicial decisions on this topic:

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

References

Resources

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction Under New Rule 4(k)(2) in International Civil Litigation

Analysis of the Personal Jurisdiction Under New Rule 4(k)(2), FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE UNITED STATES v. SWISS AMERICAN BANK, LTD ADAMS v. UNIONE MEDITERRANEA DI SICURTA Notes on Rules 4(k)(1)(A), 4(k)(2), Swiss American Bank and Adams in relation to the Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts over Parties to International Disputes.

Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Hom
e Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Among the main judicial decisions on this topic:

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

References

Resources

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of International Disputes

Picked Source Texts on the Foundations of Personal Jurisdiction in International Civil Litigation

Analysis of the Picked Source Texts on the Foundations of Personal Jurisdiction, PENNOYER v. NEFF RESTATEMENT (FIRST) CONFLICT OF LAWS (1934) ?47 WORLD-WIDE VOLKSWAGEN CORP. v. WOODSON RESTATEMENT (THIRD) FOREIGN RELATIONS LAW OF THE UNITED STATES ?421 (1986) FRENCH CIVIL CODE ARTICLE 14 EUROPEAN COUNCIL REGULATION 44/2001 Notes on Pennoyer, World-Wide Volkswagen, and Selected Legislative Materials in relation to the Jurisdiction of U.S. Courts over Parties to International Disputes.

Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Among the main judicial decisions on this topic:

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

References

Resources

Personal Jurisdiction in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976

Minimum contacts

According to research about Personal Jurisdiction from the Federal Judicial Center:In Republic of Argentina v. Weltover, the U.S. Supreme Court assumed (without deciding) that foreign states could be “persons” for purposes of due process protections.34 Since then, several circuits have held that foreign states are not persons within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment and are thus not entitled to due process protections with respect to the requirement for “minimum contacts” with the jurisdiction.35 As the D.C. Circuit put it, as long as subject-matter jurisdiction exists under the FSIA and service was proper, there is no “need to examine whether [a foreign state defendant] has the minimum contacts that would otherwise be a prerequisite for personal jurisdiction under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.”36 Whether the same conclusion applies to “political subdivisions” and “agencies and instrumentalities” remains an open and debated issue. In the D.C. Circuit, the question turns on whether the state in question exercised sufficient or “plenary” control over the entity in question to make it an “agent of the [s]tate.”37 For example, in TMR Energy Ltd., the court found that the State of Ukraine had “plenary control” over the State Property Fund (SPF) of Ukraine because the regulations creating the SPF stated that “[t]he [SPF] is a body of the State which implements national policies in the area of privatization” and “[i]n the course of its activities, the [SPF] shall be subordinated and accountable to the Supreme Rada . . . . The activities of the [SPF] shall be governed by the Constitution and legislative acts of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and these Regulations.”38 The court noted that “the SPF’s chairman [was] ‘appointed and discharged by the President of Ukraine subject to the consent of the Supreme Rada,’ and the members of its board must be ‘approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Rada.’ ” The court also found it significant that the SPF’s budget was funded by the State of Ukraine. Considering these “structural features,” the court held: [I]t is apparent that the SPF is an agent of the State, barely distinguishable for an executive department of the government, and should not be treated as an independent juridical entity. Therefore, the SPF—like its principal, the State of Ukraine—is not a “person” for purposes of the due process clause and cannot invoke the minimum contacts test to avoid the personal jurisdiction of the district court.39 In Valore, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia applied the logic of TMR Energy Ltd. to political subdivisions. Noting that the Iranian Ministry of Information and Security (MOIS) “operates as the foreign and domestic intelligence agency of Iran, is funded by Iran and operates under the guidance of Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,” the court held that Iran exerts “plenary control” over MOIS and, therefore, MOIS is not a “person” for the purpose of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Among the main judicial decisions on this topic:

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American lega
l Encyclopedia.

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

References

Resources

Basic rules of personal jurisdiction for corporations

Find more information on Basic rules of personal jurisdiction for corporations in relation to the Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Antitrust Disputes in the legal Encyclopedias.

Personal jurisdiction and the International Trade Law

Personal Jurisdiction

There is some information in the United States Procedure Law section of this American Legal Encyclopedia about Personal Jurisdiction. For a wide overview, read about Choosing a Propert Court

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Among the main judicial decisions on this topic:

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

Information about this important court opinion is available in this American legal Encyclopedia.

References

Resources

Comparisons of U.S. and European approaches to personal jurisdiction

Find more information on Comparisons of U.S. and European approaches to personal jurisdiction in relation to the Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Antitrust Disputes in the legal Encyclopedias.

Personal jurisdiction

Find more information on Personal jurisdiction in relation to the Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Antitrust Disputes in the legal Encyclopedias.

Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction in the United States

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Corporate Affiliations and Agency Relationships

Personal Jurisdiction Based on Alter Ego Status in International Civil Litigation

Law Governing Alter Ego Status

Cannon Manufacturing: The Importance of Corporate Formalities

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Corporate Affiliations and Agency Relationships

Personal Jurisdiction Based on Agency Relationship in International Civil Litigation

Law Governing Agency Relationship for Jurisdictional Purposes

Agency Standards for Jurisdictional Purposes

Picked Source Texts on Agency as a Basis for Personal Jurisdiction in International Cases, FRUMMER v. HILTON HOTELS INTERNATIONAL WIMA v. ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PETROLEUM CO. CARTWRIGHT v. FOKKER AIRCRAFT U.S., IN . See Notes on Hilton Hotels, Wiwa and Fokker

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Presumptive Enforceability of Judgments

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction of Rendering Court in International Civil Litigation

Personal Jurisdiction

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

References

See Also

Proof of Facts Allowing a Federal Court to Assert Personal Jurisdiction Over a Defendant Not Present in the United States

Resources

See Also

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Due Process Clauses

Personal Jurisdiction in Federal Courts: Federal Rule of Civil Procedure and the Due Process Clauses in International Civil Litigation

Personal Jurisdiction

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

References

See Also

Resources

See Also

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction Under New Rule 4(k)(2) in International Civil Litigation

Personal Jurisdiction

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Hom e Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

References

See Also

Resources

See Also

Personal Jurisdiction in the Context of International Disputes

Picked Source Texts on the Foundations of Personal Jurisdiction in International Civil Litigation

Personal Jurisdiction

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

References

See Also

Resources

See Also

Personal Jurisdiction in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976

Minimum contacts

Personal Jurisdiction

Personal and Subject Matter Jurisdiction Compared

Statutory Limits on Personal Jurisdiction

Seeking the Home Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction

Personal Jurisdiction

Leading Case Law

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court

Topics for Further Discussion Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy Revell v. Lidov

References

See Also

Seeking the Hom
e Field Advantage: Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction