Forgery

Forgery in United States

Forgery Definition

The false making, with Intent to defraud, or any writing which, if genuine, might apparently be of legal efficacy, or the foundation of a legal liability. 2 Bish. New Crim. Law, S 533. Bishop (2 New Crim. Law, § 533) has collected seven definitions of forgery, and justly remarks that the books abound in definitions. Coke says the term is “taken metaphorically from the smith, who beateth upon his anvil, and forgeth what fashion and shape he will.” 3 Inst. 169. The elements are (1) a false making (46 N. H. 266; 28 Minn. 52), but this may consist of a material alteration (64 Wis. 482)
(2) of an instrument apparently capable of defrauding (20 Iowa, 541, 118 Mass. 685)
(3) with intent to defraud (51 Vt. 105, 15 Mass. 526).

Forgery in Foreign Legal Encyclopedias

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Forgery Forgery in the World Legal Encyclopedia.
Forgery Forgery in the European Legal Encyclopedia.
Forgery Forgery in the Asian Legal Encyclopedia.
Forgery Forgery in the UK Legal Encyclopedia.
Forgery Forgery in the Australian Legal Encyclopedia.

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Forgery Forgery in the Family Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
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Forgery Forgery in the Antritrust Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the Bankruptcy Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the Constitutional Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the Tax Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the and Finance and Banking Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the Employment and Labor Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the Personal Injury and Tort Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Forgery Forgery in the Environmental Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.

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Legal Issue for Attorneys

The false making, with Intent to defraud, or any writing which, if genuine, might apparently be of legal efficacy, or the foundation of a legal liability. 2 Bish. New Crim. Law, S 533. Bishop (2 New Crim. Law, § 533) has collected seven definitions of forgery, and justly remarks that the books abound in definitions. Coke says the term is “taken metaphorically from the smith, who beateth upon his anvil, and forgeth what fashion and shape he will.” 3 Inst. 169. The elements are (1) a false making (46 N. H. 266; 28 Minn. 52), but this may consist of a material alteration (64 Wis. 482)
(2) of an instrument apparently capable of defrauding (20 Iowa, 541, 118 Mass. 685)
(3) with intent to defraud (51 Vt. 105, 15 Mass. 526).

Notice

This definition of Forgery is based on The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary. This entry needs to be proofread.

Forgery (Letters of Credit)

This section introduces, discusses and describes the basics of forgery. Then, cross references and a brief overview about Letters of Credit is provided. Finally, the subject of Commercial Law in relation with forgery is examined. Note that a list of cross references, bibliography and other resources appears at the end of this entry.

Forgery (Party Liabilities)

This section introduces, discusses and describes the basics of forgery. Then, cross references and a brief overview about Party Liabilities is provided. Finally, the subject of Negotiable Instruments in relation with forgery is examined. Note that a list of cross references, bibliography and other resources appears at the end of this entry.

Resources

See Also

Counterfeiting.

Further Reading (Books)

American Law Institute. Model Penal Code and Commentaries: Official Draft and Revised Comments, vol. 2. Philadelphia: ALI, 1980.

–. Model Penal Code: Proposed Official Draft. Philadelphia: ALI. 1962.

–. Model Penal Code: Tentative Draft No. 11. Philadelphia: ALI. 1960.

Baker, Jay Newton. Law of Disputed and Forged Documents: Cases, Illustrations. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie Co., 1995.

Blackstone, William. Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769), vol. 4. Reprint. University of Chicago Press, 1979.

U.S. National Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal Laws. Final Report. Washington, D.C.: The Commission, 1971.

–. Working Papers. vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: The Commission, 1970.

Wharton, Francis. A Treatise on the Criminal Law of the UnitedStates. 2d ed. Philadelphia: James Kay, Jr. & Brother, 1852.

Further Reading (Articles)

Shoura approves new anti-forgery law., Arab News (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia); January 10, 2011

TRIBES BLAME GOVERNMENT FOR NOT ENFORCING FORGERY LAW, The Columbian (Vancouver, WA); May 19, 2000; MATT KELLEY, Associated Press writer

Document forgery biz rampant; Law Ministry directs bodies to remain vigil, The Kathmandu Post; February 8, 2009

CONTRACTOR CONVICTED OF FORGERY WAS IMPETUS FOR LAW CHANGE, US Fed News Service, Including US State News; November 1, 2007

ART CRIME SPECIALIST TO DISCUSS FORGERIES, FRAUD AT LAW SCHOOL FORUM, US Fed News Service, Including US State News; October 26, 2006

Violin Fraud: Deception, Forgery,
Theft, and the Law., Michigan Law Review; May 1, 1994; Shapreau, Carla J.

MAN ADMITS FORGERY IN PLOT AGAINST IN-LAWS, Post-Tribune (IN); June 10, 1993

GARLAND ‘FORGERY’ EXTRADITION FLAW; Court Told Irish Laws Broken, The Mirror (London, England); July 19, 2011; Stack, Sarah

DOCTOR’S COMMON-LAW WIFE CHARGED WITH FORGERY OF HIS WILL, The Buffalo News (Buffalo, NY); September 30, 1999; JANICE L. HABUDA

Law plea a forgery.(News), The Mirror (London, England); March 20, 2004

Law firm sued over forgery by attorney.(News), Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO); April 27, 2007; Moreno, Ivan

COPS PROBE BABY ASHES SCANDAL; MORTONHALL FORGERY FEARS and Salmond Promises New Law, Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland); May 2, 2014

FORMER LAW FIRM EMPLOYEE PLEADS GUILTY TO FORGERY., States News Service; August 12, 2011

beach law firm’s ex-bookkeeper pleads guilty to federal forgery.(Local), The Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, VA); July 9, 2011

Accountant off to Jail for $400,000 Theft; A Faribault Man Is Sentenced to Nearly 3 Years for Forgery That Led Firm to Lay off Workers, Including His Father-in-Law, Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); May 2, 2013

A.G. SCHNEIDERMAN DETAILS I-STOP PLAN TO ADDRESS RX DRUG CRISIS PLAGUING STATEN ISLAND SI LAW ENFORCEMENT, ELECTED OFFICIALS, MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS JOIN FORCES IN SUPPORT OF A.G.’S ONLINE, REAL TIME DATABASE TO TRACK PRESCRIPTION NARCOTICS “I-STOP” LEGISLATION WOULD CRACK DOWN ON ABUSES LIKE “DOC-SHOPPING’ AND RX FORGERIES FATALITIES ON STATEN ISLAND LINKED TO ACCIDENTAL OVERDOSES OF PRESCRIP., States News Service; March 8, 2012

COALITION ENDORSES SCHNEIDERMAN’S I-STOP PLAN TO ADDRESS RX DRUG CRISIS PLAGUING LONG ISLAND LI LAW ENFORCEMENT, ELECTED OFFICIALS, MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS, COMMUNITY MEMBERS ANNOUNCE SUPPORT FOR A.G.’S ONLINE, REAL TIME DATABASE TO TRACK PRESCRIPTION NARCOTICS GROUNDBREAKING “I-STOP” LEGISLATION WOULD CRACK DOWN ON ABUSES LIKE ‘DOC-SHOPPING’ AND RX FORGERIES PRESCRIPTIONS FOR OXYCODONE SKYROC., States News Service; February 21, 2012

Forgery, Encyclopaedia Judaica; January 1, 2007; Cohn, Haim Elon, Menachem

3. BRAND FORGERY STILL RAMPANT; FINE LIKELY TO BE RAISED TO RP 300 MILLION., Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; December 7, 1999

False Decretals (Pseudoisidorian Forgeries), New Catholic Encyclopedia; January 1, 2003; FUHRMANN, H.

Forgery in State Statute Topics

Introduction to Forgery (State statute topic)

The purpose of Forgery is to provide a broad appreciation of the Forgery legal topic. Select from the list of U.S. legal topics for information (other than Forgery).

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