Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (23 Jun 1979) in United States

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (23 Jun 1979)

ENTERED INTO FORCE: 1 November 1983

The Contracting Parties,

Recognizing that wild animals in their innumerable forms are an
irreplaceable part of the earth’s natural system which must be conserved
for the good of mankind;

Aware that each generation of man holds the resources of the earth for
future generations and has an obligation to ensure that this legacy is
conserved and, where utilized, is used wisely;

Conscious of the ever-growing value of wild animals from environmental,
ecological, genetic, scientific, aesthetic, recreational, cultural,
educational, social and economic points of view;

Concerned particularly with those species of wild animals that migrate
across or outside national jurisdictional boundaries;

Recognizing that the States are and must be the protectors of the
migratory species of wild animals that live within or pass through their
national jurisdictional boundaries;

Convinced that conservation and effective management of migratory species
of wild animals require the concerted action of all States within the
national jurisdictional boundaries of which such species spend any part
of their life cycle;

Recalling Recommendation 32 of the Action Plan adopted by the United
Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, 1972) and noted
with satisfaction at the Twenty-seventh Session of the General Assembly
of the United Nations,

Have agreed as follows:

Article I

Interpretation

1. For the purpose of this Convention:

a) “Migratory species” means the entire population or any
geographically separate part of the population of any species or lower
taxon of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose members
cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional
boundaries;

b) “Conservation status of a migratory species” means the sum of the
influences acting on the migratory species that may affect its long-term
distribution and abundance;

c) “Conservation status” will be taken as “favourable” when:

(1) population dynamics data indicate that the migratory species is
maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component
of its ecosystems;
(2) the range of the migratory species is neither currently being
reduced, nor is likely to be reduced, on a long-term basis;
(3) there is, and will be in the foreseeable future sufficient
habitat to maintain the population of the migratory species on
a long-term basis; and
(4) the distribution and abundance of the migratory species
approach historic coverage and levels to the extent that
potentially suitable ecosystems exist and to the extent
consistent with wise wildlife management;

d) “Conservation status” will be taken as “unfavourable” if any of the
conditions set out in sub-paragraph (c) of this paragraph is not met;

e) “Endangered” in relation to a particular migratory species means
that the migratory species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a
significant portion of its range;

f) “Range” means all the areas of land or water that a migratory
species inhabits, stays in temporarily, crosses or overlies at any time
on its normal migration route;

g) “Habitat” means any area in the range of a migratory species which
contains suitable living conditions for that species;

h) “Range State” in relation to a particular migratory species means
any State (and where appropriate any other Party referred to under
subparagraph (k) of this paragraph) that exercises jurisdiction over any
part of the range of that migratory species, or a State, flag vessels of
which are engaged outside national jurisdictional limits in taking that
migratory species;

i) “Taking” means taking, hunting, fishing capturing, harassing,
deliberate killing, or attempting to engage in any such conduct;

j) “Agreement” means an international agreement relating to the
conservation of one or more migratory species as provided for in Articles
IV and V of this Convention; and

k) “Party” means a State or any regional economic integration
organization constituted by sovereign States which has competence in
respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international
Agreements in matters covered by this Convention for which this
Convention is in force.

2. In matters within their competence, the regional economic integration
organizations which are Parties to this Convention shall in their own
name exercise the rights and fulfil the responsibilities which this
Convention attributes to their member States. In such cases the member
States of these organizations shall not be entitled to exercise such
rights individually.

3. Where this Convention provides for a decision to be taken by either a
two-thirds majority or a unanimous decision of “the Parties present and
voting” this shall mean “the Parties present and casting an affirmative
or negative vote”. Those abstaining from voting shall not be counted
amongst “the Parties present and voting” in determining the majority.

Article II

Fundamental Principles

1. The Parties acknowledge the importance of migratory species being
conserved and of Range States agreeing to take action to this end
whenever possible and appropriate, paying special attention to migratory
species the conservation status of which is unfavourable, and taking
individually or in co-operation appropriate and necessary steps to
conserve such species and their habitat.

2. The Parties acknowledge the need to take action to avoid any migratory
species becoming endangered.

3. In particular, the Parties:

a) should promote, co-operate in and support research relating to
migratory species;

b) shall endeavour to provide immediate protection for migratory
species included in Appendix I; and

c) shall endeavour to conclude Agreements covering the conservation
and management of migratory species included in Appendix II.

Article III

Endangered Migratory Species: Appendix I

1. Appendix I shall list migratory species which are endangered.

2. A migratory species may be listed in Appendix I provided that reliable
evidence, including the best scientific evidence available, indicates
that the species is endangered.

3. A migratory species may be removed from Appendix I when the Conference
of the Parties determines that:

a) reliable evidence, including the best scientific evidence
available, indicates that the species is no longer endangered, and

b) the species is not likely to become endangered again because of
loss of protection due to its removal from Appendix I.

4. Parties that are Range States of a migratory species listed in
Appendix I shall endeavour:

a) to conserve and, where feasible and appropriate, restore those
habitats of the species which are of importance in removing the
species from danger of extinction;

b) to prevent, remove, compensate for or minimize, as appropriate, the
adverse effects of activities or obstacles that seriously impede or
prevent the migration of the species; and

c) to the extent feasible and appropriate, to prevent, reduce or
control factors that are endangering or are likely to further
endanger the species, including strictly controlling the
introduction of, or controlling or eliminating, already introduced
exotic species.

5. Parties that are Range States of a migratory species listed in
Appendix I shall prohibit the taking of animals belonging to such
species. Exceptions may be made to this prohibition only if:

a) the taking is for scientific purposes;

b) the taking is for the purpose of enhancing the propagation or
survival of the affected species;

c) the taking is to accommodate the needs of traditional subsistence
users of such species; or

d) extraordinary circumstances so require;

provided that such exceptions are precise as to content and limited in
space and time. Such taking should not operate to the disadvantage of the
species.

6. The Conferences of the Parties may recommend to the Parties that are
Range States of a migratory species listed in Appendix I that they take
further measures considered appropriate to benefit the species.

7. The Parties shall as soon as possible inform the Secretariat of any
exceptions made pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article.

Article IV

Migratory Species to be the Subject of Agreements: Appendix II

1. Appendix II shall list migratory species which have an unfavourable
conservation status and which require international agreements for their
conservation and management, as well as those which have a conservation
status which would significantly benefit from the international
cooperation that could be achieved by an international agreement.

2. If the circumstances so warrant, a migratory species may be listed
both in Appendix I and Appendix II.

3. Parties that are Range States of migratory species listed in Appendix
II shall endeavour to conclude Agreements where these should benefit the
species and should give priority to those species in an unfavourable
conservation status.

4. Parties are encouraged to take action with a view to concluding
agreements for any population or any geographically separate part of the
population of any species or lower taxon of wild animals, members of
which periodically cross one or more national jurisdiction boundaries.

5. The Secretariat shall be provided with a copy of each Agreement
concluded pursuant to the provisions of this Article.

Article V

Guidelines for Agreements

1. The object of each Agreement shall be to restore the migratory species
concerned to a favourable conservation status or to maintain it in such a
status. Each Agreement should deal with those aspects of the conservation
and management of the migratory species concerned which serve to achieve
that object.

2. Each Agreement should cover the whole of the range of the migratory
species concerned and should be open to accession by all Range States of
that species, whether or not they are Parties to this Convention.

3. An Agreement should, wherever possible, deal with more than one
migratory species.

4. Each Agreement should:

a) identify the migratory species covered;

b) describe the range and migration route of the migratory species;

c) provide for each Party to designate its national authority
concerned with the implementation of the Agreement.

d) establish, if necessary, appropriate machinery to assist in
carrying out the aims of the Agreement, to monitor its
effectiveness, and to prepare reports for the Conference of the
Parties;

e) provide for procedures for the settlement of disputes between
Parties to the Agreement; and

f) at a minimum, prohibit, in relation to a migratory species of the
Order Cetacea, any taking that is not permitted for that migratory
species under any other multilateral Agreement and provide for
accession to the Agreement by States that are not Range States of
that migratory species.

5. Where appropriate and feasible, each Agreement should provide for but
not be limited to:

a) periodic review of the conservation status of the migratory species
concerned and the identification of the factors which may be
harmful to that status;

b) co-ordinated conservation and management plans;

c) research into the ecology and population dynamics of the migratory
species concerned, with special regard to migration;

d) the exchange of information on the migratory species concerned,
special regard being paid to the exchange of the results of
research and of relevant statistics;

e) conservation and, where required and feasible, restoration of the
habitats of importance in maintaining a favourable conservation
status, and protection of such habitats from disturbances,
including strict control of the introduction of, or control of
already introduced, exotic species detrimental to the migratory
species;

f) maintenance of a network of suitable habitats appropriately
disposed in relation to the migration routes;

g) where it appears desirable, the provision of new habitats
favourable to the migratory species or reintroduction of the
migratory species into favourable habitats;

h) elimination of, to the maximum extent possible, or compensation for
activities and obstacles which hinder or impede migration;

i) prevention, reduction or control of the release into the habitat of
the migratory species of substances harmful to that migratory
species;

j) measures based on sound ecological principles to control and manage
the taking of the migratory species;

k) procedures for co-ordinating action to suppress illegal taking;

l) exchange of information on substantial threats to the migratory
species;

m) emergency procedures whereby conservation action would be
considerably and rapidly strengthened when the conservation status
of the migratory species is seriously affected; and
n) making the general public aware of the contents and aims of the
Agreement.

Article VI

Range States

1. A list of the Range States of migratory species listed in Appendices I
and II shall be kept up to date by the Secretariat using information it
has received from the Parties.

2. The Parties shall keep the Secretariat informed in regard to which of
the migratory species listed in Appendices I and II they consider
themselves to be Range States, including provision of information on
their flag vessels engaged outside national jurisdictional limits in
taking the migratory species concerned and, where possible, future plans
in respect of such taking.

3. The Parties which are Range States for migratory species listed in
Appendix I or Appendix II should inform the Conference of the Parties
through the Secretariat, at least six months prior to each ordinary
meeting of the Conference, on measures that they are taking to implement
the provisions of this Convention for these species.

Article VII

The Conference of the Parties

1. The Conference of the Parties shall be the decision-making organ of
this Convention.

2. The Secretariat shall call a meeting of the Conference of the Parties
not later than two years after the entry into force of this Convention.

3. Thereafter the Secretariat shall convene ordinary meetings of the
Conference of the Parties at intervals of not more than three years,
unless the Conference decides otherwise, and extraordinary meetings at
any time on the written request of at least one-third of the Parties.

4. The Conference of the Parties shall establish and keep under review
the financial regulations of this Convention. The Conference of the
Parties shall, at each of its ordinary meetings, adopt the budget for the
next financial period. Each Party shall contribute to this budget
according to a scale to be agreed upon by the Conference. Financial
regulations, including the provisions on the budget and the scale of
contributions as well as their modifications, shall be adopted by
unanimous vote of the Parties present and voting.

5. At each of its meetings the Conference of the Parties shall review the
implementation of this Convention and may in particular:

a) review and assess the conservation status of migratory species;

b) review the progress made towards the conservation of migratory
species, especially those listed in Appendices I and II;

c) make such provision and provide such guidance as may be necessary
to enable the Scientific Council and the Secretariat to carry out
their duties;

d) receive and consider any reports presented by the Scientific
Council, the Secretariat, any Party or any standing body
established pursuant to an Agreement;

e) make recommendations to the Parties for improving the conservation
status of migratory species and review the progress being made
under Agreements;

f) in those cases where an Agreement has not been concluded, make
recommendations for the convening of meetings of the Parties that
are Range States of a migratory species or group of migratory
species to discuss measures to improve the conservation status of
the species;

g) make recommendations to the Parties for improving the effectiveness
of this Convention; and

h) decide on any additional measure that should be taken to implement
the objectives of this Convention.

6. Each meeting of the Conference of the Parties should determine the
time and venue of the next meeting.

7. Any meeting of the Conference of the Parties shall determine and adopt
rules of procedure for that meeting. Decisions at a meeting of the
Conference of the Parties shall require a two-thirds majority of the
Parties present and voting, except where otherwise provided for by this
Convention.

8. The United Nations, its Specialized Agencies, the International Atomic
Energy Agency, as well as any State not a party to this Convention and,
for each Agreement, the body designated by the parties to that Agreement,
may be represented by observers at meetings of the Conference of the
Parties.

9. Any agency or body technically qualified in protection, conservation
and management of migratory species, in the following categories, which
has informed the Secretariat of its desire to be represented at meetings
of the Conference of the Parties by observers, shall be admitted unless
at least one-third of the Parties present object:

a) international agencies or bodies, either governmental or
non-governmental, and national governmental agencies and bodies;
and

b) national non-governmental agencies or bodies which have been
approved for this purpose by the State in which they are located.

Once admitted, these observers shall have the right to participate but
not to vote.

Article VIII

The Scientific Council

1. At its first meeting, the Conference of the Parties shall establish a
Scientific Council to provide advice on scientific matters.

2. Any Party may appoint a qualified expert as a member of the Scientific
Council. In addition, the Scientific Council shall include as members
qualified experts selected and appointed by the Conference of the
Parties; the number of these experts, the criteria for their selection
and the terms of their appointments shall be as determined by the
Conference of the Parties.

3. The Scientific Council shall meet at the request of the Secretariat as
required by the Conference of the Parties.

4. Subject to the approval of the Conference of the Parties, the
Scientific Council shall establish its own rules of procedure.

5. The Conference of the Parties shall determine the functions of the
Scientific Council, which may include:

a) providing scientific advice to the Conference of the Parties, to
the Secretariat, and, if approved by the Conference of the Parties,
to any body set up under this Convention or an Agreement or to any
Party;

b) recommending research and the co-ordination of research on
migratory species, evaluating the results of such research in order
to ascertain the conservation status of migratory species and
reporting to the Conference of the Parties on such status and
measures for its improvement;

c) making recommendations to the Conference of the Parties as to the
migratory species to be included in Appendices I and II, together
with an indication of the range of such migratory species;

d) making recommendations to the Conference of the Parties as to
specific conservation and management measures to be included in
Agreements on migratory species; and

e) recommending to the Conference of the Parties solutions to problems
relating to the scientific aspects of the implementation of this
Convention, in particular with regard to the habitats of migratory
species.

Article IX

The Secretariat

1. For the purposes of this Convention a Secretariat shall be
established.

2. Upon entry into force of this Convention, the Secretariat is provided
by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme. To
the extent and in the manner he considers appropriate, he may be assisted
by suitable intergovernmental or non-governmental, international or
national agencies and bodies technically qualified in protection,
conservation and management of wild animals.

3. If the United Nations Environment Programme is no longer able to
provide the Secretariat, the Conference of the Parties shall make
alternative arrangements for the Secretariat.

4. The functions of the Secretariat shall be:

a) to arrange for and service meetings:
(i) of the Conference of the Parties, and
(ii) of the Scientific Council;

b) to maintain liaison with and promote liaison between the Parties,
the standing bodies set up under Agreements and other international
organizations concerned with migratory species;

c) to obtain from any appropriate source reports and other information
which will further the objectives and implementation of this
Convention and to arrange for the appropriate dissemination of such
information;

d) to invite the attention of the Conference of the Parties to any
matter pertaining to the objectives of this Convention;

e) to prepare for the Conference of the Parties reports on the work of
the Secretariat and on the implementation of this Convention;

f) to maintain and publish a list of Range States of all migratory
species included in Appendices I and II;

g) to promote, under the direction of the Conference of the Parties,
the conclusion of Agreements,

h) to maintain and make available to the Parties a list of Agreements
and, if so required by the Conference of the Parties, to provide
any information on such Agreements;

i) to maintain and publish a list of the recommendations made by the
Conference of the Parties pursuant to sub-paragraphs (e), (f) and
(g) of paragraph 5 of Article VII or of decisions made pursuant to
sub-paragraph (h) of that paragraph;

j) to provide for the general public information concerning this
Convention and its objectives; and

k) to perform any other function entrusted to it under this Convention
or by the Conference of the Parties.

Article X

Amendment of the Convention

1. This Convention may be amended at any ordinary or extraordinary
meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

2. Proposals for amendment may be made by any Party.

3. The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for it shall be
communicated to the Secretary at least one hundred and fifty days before
the meeting at which it is to be considered and shall promptly be
communicated by the Secretary to all Parties. Any comments on the text by
the Parties shall be communicated to the Secretariat not less than sixty
days before the meeting begins. The Secretariat shall, immediately after
the last day for submission of comments, communicate to the Parties all
comments submitted by that day.

4. Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of Parties
present and voting.

5. An amendment adopted shall enter into force for all Parties which have
accepted it on the first day of the third month following the date on
which two-thirds of the Parties have deposited an instrument of
acceptance with the Depositary. For each Party which deposits an
instrument of acceptance after the date on which two-thirds of the
Parties have deposited an instrument of acceptance, the amendment shall
enter into force for that Party on the first day of the third month
following the deposit of its instrument of acceptance.

Article XI

Amendment of the Appendices

1. Appendices I and II may be amended at any ordinary or extraordinary
meeting of the Conference of the Parties.

2. Proposals for amendment may be made by any Party.

3. The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for it, based on
the best scientific evidence available, shall be communicated to the
Secretariat at least one hundred and fifty days before the meeting and
shall promptly be communicated by the Secretariat to all Parties. Any
comments on the text by the Parties shall be communicated to the
Secretariat not less than sixty days before the meeting begins. The
Secretariat shall, immediately after the last day for submission of
comments, communicate to the Parties all comments submitted by that day.

4. Amendments shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of Parties
present and voting.

5. An amendment to the Appendices shall enter into force for all Parties
ninety days after the meeting of the Conference of the Parties at which
it was adopted, except for those Parties which make a reservation in
accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article.

6. During the period of ninety days provided for in paragraph 5 of this
Article, any Party may by notification in writing to the Depositary make
a reservation with respect to the amendment. A reservation to an
amendment may be withdrawn by written notification to the Depositary and
thereupon the amendment shall enter into force for that Party ninety days
after the reservation is withdrawn.

Article XII

Effect on International Conventions
and Other Legislations

1. Nothing in this Convention shall prejudice the codification and
development of the law of the sea by the United Nations Conference on the
Law of the Sea convened pursuant to Resolution 2750 C (XXV) of the
General Assembly of the United Nations nor the present or future claims
and legal views of any State concerning the law of the sea and the nature
and extent of coastal and flag State jurisdiction.

2. The provisions of this Convention shall in no way affect the rights or
obligations of any Party deriving from any existing treaty, convention or
Agreement.

3. The provisions of this Convention shall in no way affect the right of
Parties to adopt stricter domestic measures concerning the conservation
of migratory species listed in Appendices I and II or to adopt domestic
measures concerning the conservation of species not listed in Appendices
I and II.

Article XIII

Settlement of Disputes

1. Any dispute which may arise between two or more Parties with respect
to the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Convention
shall be subject to negotiation between the Parties involved in the
dispute.

2. If the dispute cannot be resolved in accordance with paragraph 1 of
this Article, the Parties may, by mutual consent, submit the dispute to
arbitration, in particular that of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at
The Hague, and the Parties submitting the dispute shall be bound by the
arbitral decision.

Article XIV

Reservations

1. The provisions of this Convention shall not be subject to general
reservations. Specific reservations may be entered in accordance with the
provisions of this Article and Article XI.

2. Any State or regional economic integration organization may, on
depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession, enter a specific reservation with regard to the presence on
either Appendix I or Appendix II or both, of any migratory species and
shall then not be regarded as a Party in regard to the subject of that
reservation until ninety days after the Depositary has transmitted to the
Parties notification that such reservation has been withdrawn.

Article XV

Signature

This Convention shall be open for signature at Bonn for all States and
any regional economic integration organization until the twenty-second
day of June, 1980.

Article XVI

Ratification, Acceptance, Approval

This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval.
Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited
with the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, which shall be
the Depositary.

Article XVII

Accession

After the twenty-second day of June 1980 this Convention shall be open
for accession by all non-signatory States and any regional economic
integration organization. Instruments of accession shall be deposited
with the Depositary.

Article XVIII

Entry into Force

1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third
month following the date of deposit of the fifteenth instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Depositary.

2. For each State or each regional economic integration organization
which ratifies, accepts or approves this Convention or accedes thereto
after the deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention shall enter into force
on the first day of the third month following the deposit by such State
or such organization of its instrument of ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession.

Article XIX

Denunciation

Any Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the
Depositary at any time. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months
after the Depositary has received the notification.

Article XX

Depositary

1. The original of this Convention, in the English, French, German,
Russian and Spanish languages, each version being equally authentic,
shall be deposited with the Depositary. The Depositary shall transmit
certified copies of each of these versions to all States and all regional
economic integration organizations that have signed the Convention or
deposited instruments of accession to it.

2. The Depositary shall, after consultation with the Governments
concerned, prepare official versions of the text of this Convention in
the Arabic and Chinese languages.

3. The Depositary shall inform all signatory and acceding States and all
signatory and acceding regional economic integration organizations and
the Secretariat of signatures, deposit of instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession, entry into force of this Convention,
amendments thereto, specific reservations and notifications of
denunciation.

4. As soon as this Convention enters into force, a certified copy thereof
shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretariat of the United
Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102
of the Charter of the United Nations.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect,
have signed this Convention.

Done at Bonn on 23 June 1979.

APPENDIX I

Interpretation

1. Migratory species included in this Appendix are referred to:

a) by the name of the species or subspecies; or
b) as being all of the migratory species included in a higher taxon or
designated part thereof.

2. Other references to taxa higher than species are for the purposes of
information or classification only.

3. The abbreviation “(s.l.)” is used to denote that the scientific name
is used in its extended meaning.

4. An asterisk (*) placed against the name of a species indicates that
the species or a separate population of that species or a higher taxon
which includes that species, is included in Appendix II.

Mammalia

CHIROPTERA
Molossidae Tadarida brasiliensis

PRIMATES
Pongidae Gorilla gorilla beringei

CETACEA
Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera musculus
Megaptera novaeangliae
Balaenidae Balaena mysticetus
Eubalaena glacialis (s.l.)
CARNIVORA
Felidae Panthera uncia

PINNIPEDIA
Phocidae Monachus monachus*

PERISSODACTYLA
Equidae Equus grevyi

ARTIODACTYLA
Camelidae Lama vicugna* (except Peruvian
populations)
Cervidae Cervus elaphus barbarus
Bovidae Bos sauveli
Bos grunniens
Addax nasomaculatus
Gazella cuvieri
Gazella dama
Gazella dorcas (only Northwest African
populations)
Gazella leptocerosa

Aves

PROCELLARIIFORMES
Diomedeidae Diomedea albatrus
Procellariidae Pterodroma cahow
Pterodroma phaeopygia

PELECANIFORMES
Pelecanidae Pelecanus crispus*
Pelecanus onocrotalus (only Palearctic
populations)
CICONIIFORMES
Ardeidae Egretta eulophotes
Ciconiidae Ciconia boyciana
Threskiornithidae Geronticus eremita

ANSERIFORMES
Anatidae Chloephaga rubidiceps*

FALCONIFORMES
Accipitridae Haliaeetus albiculla*
Haliaeetus pelagicus*
GRUIFORMES
Gruidae Grus japonensis*
Grus leucogeranus*
Grus nigricollis*
Otididae Chlamydotis undulata* (only Northwest
African populations)

CHARADRIIFORMES
Scolopacidae Numenius borealis*
Numenius tenuirositris*
Laridae Larus audouinii
Larus leucophthalmus
Larus relictus
Larus saundersi
Alcidae Synthliboramphus wumizusume

PASSERIFORMES
Parulidae Dendroica kirtlandii
Fringillidae Serinus syriacus

Reptilia

TESTUDINATA
Cheloniidae Chelonia mydas*
Caretta caretta*
Eretmochelys imbricata
Lepiodochelys kempii*
Lepiodochelys olivacea*
Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea*
Pelomedusidae Podocnemis expansa* (only Upper Amazon
populations)

CROCODYLIA
Gavialidae Gavialis gangeticus

Pisces

SILURIFORMES
Schilbeidae Pangasianodon gigas

APPENDIX II

Interpretation

1. Migratory species included in this Appendix are referred to:

(a) by the name of the species or subspecies; or
(b) as being all of the migratory species included in a higher taxon or
designated part thereof.

Unless otherwise indicated, where reference is made to a taxon higher
than species, it is understood that all the migratory species within that
taxon could significantly benefit from the conclusion of agreements.

2. The abbreviation “spp.” following the name of a Family or Genus is
used to denote all migratory species within that Family or Genus.

3. Other references to taxa higher than species are for the purpose of
information or classification only.

4. The abbreviation “(s.l)” is used to denote that the scientific name is
used in its extended meaning.

5. An asterisk (*) placed against the name of a species or higher taxon
indicates that the species or a separate population of that species or
one or more species included in that higher taxon, are included in
Appendix I.

Mammalia

CHIROPTERA
Rhinolophidae R.spp. (only European populations)
Vespertilionidae V.spp. (only European populations)

CETACEA
Monodontidae Delphinapterus leucas
Phocoenidae Phocoena phocoena (only North and
Baltic Sea populations)
Delphinidae Lagenorhynchus albirostris (only North
and Baltic Sea populations)
Grampus griseus (only North and Baltic
Sea populations)
Tursiops truncatus (only North and Baltic
Sea populations)
Delphinus delphis (only North and Baltic
Sea populations)
Globicephala malaena (only North and Baltic
Sea populations)
PINNIPEDIA
Phocidae Phoca vitulina (only Baltic and Wadden Sea
populations)
Halichoerus grypus (only Baltic Sea
populations)
Monachus monachus*

PROBOSCIDAE
Elephantidae Loxodonta africana

SIRENIA
Dugongidae Dugong dugon

ARTIODACTYLA
Camelidae Lama vicugna*
Bovidae Oryx dammah
Gazella gazella (only Asian populations)

Aves

PELECANIFORMES
Pelecanidae Pelecanus crispus*

CICONIIFORMES
Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia
Ciconia nigra
Theskiornithidae Platalea leucorodia
Plegadis falcinellus
Phoenicopteridae Ph.spp.

ANSERIFORMES
Anatidae A.spp.*

FALCONIFORMES
Cathartidae C.spp.
Pandionidae Pandion haliaetus
Accipitridae A.spp.*
Falconidae F.spp.

GALLIFORMES
Phasianidae Coturnix coturnix coturnix

GRUIFORMES
Gruidae Gruss spp.*
Anthropoides virgo
Otididae Chlamydotis undulata* (only Asian
populations)
Otis tarda

CHARADRIIFORMES
Charadriidae C.spp.
Scolopacidae S.spp.*
Recurvirostridae R.spp.
Phalaropodidae P.spp.
Burhinidae Burhinus oedicnemus
Glareolidae Glareola pratincola
Glareola nordmanni

CORACIIFORMES
Meropidae Merops apiaster
Caraciidae Coracias garrulus

PASSERIFORMES
Muscicapidae M.(s.l.) spp.

Reptilia

TESTUDINATA
Cheloniidae C.spp.*
Dermochelidae D.spp.*
Pelomedusidae Podocnemis expansa*

CROCODYLIA
Crocodylidae Crocodylus porosus

Pisces

ACIPENSERIFORMES
Acipenseridae Acipenser fulvescens

Insecta

LEPIDOPTERA
Danaidae Danaus plexippus