Closed Shop in United States
Practical Information
Note: Some of this information was last updated in 1982
An agreement whereby all employees must be members of a union before they can be hired by the employer. The closed shop is the strongest form of union security. See open shop (in U.S. law).
What is Closed Shop?
For a meaning of it, read Closed Shop in the Legal Dictionary here. Browse and search more U.S. and international free legal definitions and legal terms related to Closed Shop.
Closed Shop
United States Constitution
According to theEncyclopedia of the American Constitution, about its article titled 191 CLOSED SHOPA workplace is a closed shop if, by virtue of a labor contract, only the members of a particular union may be hired. After passage of the tafthartley act (1947) , the closed shop was replaced by the “union shop” wherein one must join the union after being hired.Dennis J. Mahoney(1986)
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Concept of Closed Shop in Labor Law
In this context, a definition of Closed Shop is offered here: An agreement between an employer and a union that, as a condition of employment, all employees must belong to the union before being hired. The employer agrees to retain only those employees who belong to a union. The closed shop was declared illegal by the Taft-Hartley Act.
Resources
See Also
Labor ; Labor Legislation and Administration.
Collective Bargaining; Labor Law; Labor Union.
Labor Movement, Labor Unionism, National Industrial Recovery Act, National Labor Relations Act, Taft-Hartley Act
Further Reading (Books)
Commons, John R., et al. History of Labour in the United States. 4 vols. See especially Volume 1, Part 6. New York: Macmillan, 1946. The original edition was published in 1918.
Hanson, Charles Goring, Sheila Jackson, and Douglas Miller. The Closed Shop: A Comparative Study in Public Policy and Trade Union Security in Britain, the USA, and West Germany. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1981.
Harris, Howell John. Bloodless Victories: The Rise and Fall of the Open Shop in the Philadelphia Metal Trades, 1890_1940. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Rustin, Bayard. “Right to Work” Laws; A Trap for America’s Minorities. New York: A. Phillip Randolph Institute, 1967.
Schiller, Reuel E. “From Group Rights to Individual Liberties: Post-War Labor Law, Liberalism, and the Waning of Union Strength.” Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 20, no. 1 (1999): 1.
Sultan, Paul E. Right-to-Work Laws: Study in Conflict. Los Angeles: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, 1958.
Paul E.Sultan/c. p.
Further Reading (Articles)
Hayek on Closed Shops and Yellow Dogs, Freeman; April 1, 2007; Baird, Charles W.
Sshh! We Are Open, Albeit Secretly!: The Closed Shops in the City Portray a Picture of Staunch and Successful Protest of Traders against the LBT. but, the Real Story Lies Behind These Shutters. alt145Forced’ to Participate in the Agitation, the Traders Though Appear to Be in Unison with the Traders’ Federation, Are Doing Some Brisk Alt145back Door’ Business Taking Advantage of the Deadlock. DNA Reporters and Photographers Stroll through Laxmi Road to Bring You the Real Picture, DNA : Daily News & Analysis; May 16, 2013; Deshmukh, Chaitraly Khan, Alifiya
Closed shops; drugs in the Netherlands. The Economist (US); June 25, 2011
Darfur Businessman Killed in Rumbek, Shops Remain Closed, Sudan Tribune (Sudan); October 18, 2013
Hopes are high as two closed shops are occupied once more, West Briton, The; February 17, 2011
With Closed Shops ; Nothing Good about a FridayOld Wives Tales with Ann Rickard, Daily Examiner Grafton, N.S.W.; April 26, 2014
Bevan Backtracks over His ‘Closed Shop’ Claim, The Mail on Sunday (London, England); October 23, 2011
AFTER EXPIRATION OF SHELF LIFE, NEW LIFE WAITS IN THE WINGS A SURGE IN CLOSED SHOPS, BUT MOST TO REOPEN SOON, The Boston Globe (Boston, MA); January 26, 2003; Shari Rudavsky, Globe Correspondent
Doctor incomes not due to ‘closed shop’, says Crown, The Irish Times; May 31, 2011; AOIFE CARR
Exhibition reminded me of the sad days of closed shops ; Letters, Bath Chronicle, The; October 28, 2010
Days of closed shops are over, The Herald; February 19, 2000; Willie Miller
Closed Shops Open for Business, The Mail on Sunday (London, England); January 2, 2011
Tenders lost over closed shops. Australasian Business Intelligence; July 16, 2003
Labour in Bournemouth: A Few Lines of Charlie – It’s Closed Shops for Delegates, The Mirror (London, England); September 29, 2003
Quiet BR Clerk Who Blasted the Closed Shop into History, The Mail on Sunday (London, England); November 12, 2000
Closed Shop Served Both Us and the Bosses Well; Nostalgia, Coventry Evening Telegraph (England); November 30, 2005
Boutique Owner Finds Closed Down Shop a Perfect Fit ; Business Expands Next Door to Sell Shoes [Edition 2], Brentwood Gazette; September 11, 2013; Reason, Matt
Organizing a Wartime Shipyard: The Union Struggle for a Closed Shop at West Coast Shipbuilders Limited 1941-44, Labour/Le Travail; March 22, 2010; Madsen, Chris
Closed Shop, Encyclopedia of the American Constitution; January 1, 2000
Best Closed Shop in Town; John Cranage Discovers How Thatcher Broke the Best Closed Shop in Town to Let in the London Barrow-Boys, The Birmingham Post (England); October 27, 2006
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