Child

Child in United States

Child Definition

The immediate progeny of human parents; offspring born to such parents. 262 111. 183; 200 111. 401. The son or daughter, in relation to the father or mother; the correlative of “parent.” A young person- of either sex. The age limit of childhood is undefined. 5 Har. & J. (Md.) 392. It is not synonymous with “minor.” 7 Tex. App. 298. And in a classification of females subject of rape, “child” has been held to mean one not arrived at puberty, 22 Ohio St. 102. The word “child,” in its popular signification, means a son or daughter; a descendant in the’ first degree (Webster’s Int. Diet.) ; and the legal meaning of the word is the same as the popular one and does not include a grandchild. The word “children” is never extended to include grandchildren, in the absence of something in the instrument in which the word is employed showing the intention to use it with such an extended meaning or where it is necessary to render the instrument effective. 173 111. 239; 253 111. 402. See “Sons.”

Child in Foreign Legal Encyclopedias

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Child Child in the World Legal Encyclopedia.
Child Child in the European Legal Encyclopedia.
Child Child in the Asian Legal Encyclopedia.
Child Child in the UK Legal Encyclopedia.
Child Child in the Australian Legal Encyclopedia.

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Browse the American Encyclopedia of Law for Child

Scan Child in the appropriate area of law:

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Child Child in the Family Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the IP Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Commercial Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Criminal Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Antritrust Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Bankruptcy Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Constitutional Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Tax Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the and Finance and Banking Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Employment and Labor Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Personal Injury and Tort Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.
Child Child in the Environmental Law Portal of the American Encyclopedia of Law.

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Explore other Reference Works

Resource Description
Child in the Dictionaries Child in our legal dictionaries
http://lawi.us/child The URI of Child (more about URIs)
Child related entries Find related entries of Child

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Legal Issue for Attorneys

The immediate progeny of human parents; offspring born to such parents. 262 111. 183; 200 111. 401. The son or daughter, in relation to the father or mother; the correlative of “parent.” A young person- of either sex. The age limit of childhood is undefined. 5 Har. & J. (Md.) 392. It is not synonymous with “minor.” 7 Tex. App. 298. And in a classification of females subject of rape, “child” has been held to mean one not arrived at puberty, 22 Ohio St. 102. The word “child,” in its popular signification, means a son or daughter; a descendant in the’ first degree (Webster’s Int. Diet.) ; and the legal meaning of the word is the same as the popular one and does not include a grandchild. The word “children” is never extended to include grandchildren, in the absence of something in the instrument in which the word is employed showing the intention to use it with such an extended meaning or where it is necessary to render the instrument effective. 173 111. 239; 253 111. 402. See “Sons.”

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Notice

This definition of Child Is based on the The Cyclopedic Law Dictionary . This definition needs to be proofread..

Parent and Child Resources

See Also

  • Legal Topics.
  • Child Abuse; Child Care; Child Custody.

    Adoption; Child Care; Child Labor Laws; Children’s Defense Fund; Children’s Rights; Descent and Distribution; Family Car Doctrine; Family Law; Fetal Rights; Fetal Tissue Research; Garnishment; Gault, In re; Guardian ad Litem; Guardian and Ward; Health Care Law; Illegitimacy; Infancy; Infants; Juvenile Law; Organ Donation Law; Paternity; Schools and School Districts.

    Caregiving, Informal; Filial Obligations; Intergenerational Exchanges; Kin; Parental Obligations.

    Further Reading (Books)

    Arditti, J. A. “Rethinking Relationships Between Divorced Mothers and Their Children: Capitalizing on Family Strengths.” F AMILY R ELATIONS 48 (1999): 109.

    Aquilino, W. S., and Supple, K. “Parent-Child Relations and Parents’ Satisfaction with Living Arrangements When Adult Children Live at Home.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 53 (1991): 13_27.

    Brody, E. M. Women in the Middle: Their Parent- Care Years. New York: Springer, 1990.

    Bulcroft, K. A., and Bulcroft, R. A. “The Timing of Divorce: Effects on Parent-Child Relationships in Later Life.” Research on Aging 13 (1991): 226_243.

    Chakrabarti, S.; Kulhara, P.; and Verma, S. K. “The Pattern of Burden in Families of Neurotic Patients.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 28 (1993): 172_177.

    Connidis, I. A., and McMullin, J. A. “Permanent Childlessness: Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages Among Older Persons.” Canadian Journal on Aging 18 (1999): 447_465.

    Dewit, D. J., and Frankel, B. G. “Geographic Distance and Intergenerational Contact: A Critical Assessment and Review of the Literature.” Journal of Aging Studies 2 (1988): 25_43.

    Fredriksen, K. I. “Gender Differences in Employment and the Informal Care of Adults.” Journal of Women & Aging 8 (1996): 35_53.

    Fuligni, A. J.; Tseng, V.; and Lam, M. “Attitudes Toward Family Obligations among American Adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European Backgrounds.” Child Development 70 (1999): 1030_1044.

    Gottleib, B. H., and Pancer, S. M. “Social Networks and the Transition to Parenthood.” In The Transition to Parenthood: Current Theory and Research. Edited by G. Y. Michaels and W. A. Goldberg. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

    Further Reading (Books 2)

    Hagestad, G. “Dimensions of Time and the Family.” American Behavioral Scientist 29 (1987): 679_694.

    Johnson, C. L. “Postdivorce Reorganization of Relationships Between Divorcing Children and Their Parents.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 50 (1988): 221_231.

    Kamo, Y. “Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family Households.” Sociological Perspectives 43 (2000): 211_229.

    Kaufman, G., and Uhlenberg, P. “Effects of Life-Course Transitions on the Quality of Relationships Between Adult Children and Their Parents.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 60 (1998): 924_938.

    Kim, H. K., and McKenry, P. C. “Social Networks and Support: A Comparison of African Americans, Asian Americans,
    Caucasians, and Hispanics.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 29 (1998): 313.

    Kivett, V. R. “Centrality of the Grandfather Role Among Older Rural Black and White Men.” Journals of Gerontology 46 (1991): S250_258.

    Kulis, S. S. “Social Class and the Locus of Reciprocity in Relationships with Adult Children.” Journal of Family Issues 13 (1992): 482_504.

    Logan, J. R., and Spitze, G. “Family Ties: Enduring Relations Between Parents and Their Grown Children.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 44 (1996): 217_224.

    Lubben, J. E., and Beccerra, R. M. “Social Support Among Black, Mexican, and Chinese Elderly.” In Ethnic Dimensions of Aging. Edited by D. E. Gelfand and C. M. Barresi. New York: Springer, 1987.

    Morbarak, M. E.; Scharlach, A. E.; and L. Sokolov, Birba J. “Employment, Social Networks, and Health in the Retirement Years.” International Journal of Aging and Human Development 35 (1992): 145_159.

    Myles, J. Old Age in the Welfare State. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989.

    Newman, K. S. Falling from Grace: The Experience of Downward Mobility in the American Middle Class. New York: Free Press, 1988.

    Phinney, J. S.; Ong, A.; and Madden, T. “Cultural Values and Intergenerational Value Discrepancies in Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Families.” Child Development 71 (2000): 528_539.

    Pillemer, K., and Suitor, J. J. “Elder Abuse.” In Handbook of Family Violence. Edited by V. Van Hasselt, H. Bellack, R. Morrison, and M. Hersen. New York: Plenum, 1988.

    Further Reading (Articles)

    Pillemer, K., and Suitor, J. J. “Will I Ever Escape My Child’s Problems? Effects of Adult Children’s Problems on Elderly Parents.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 53 (1991): 585_594.

    Pitcher, B. L., and Larson, D. C. “Elderly Widowhood.” In Aging and the Family. Edited by S.J. Bahr and E. T. Peterson. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1989.

    Roberts, R. E. L.; Richards, L. N.; and Bengtson, V. L. “Intergenerational Solidarity in Families: Untangling the Ties That Bind.” Marriage and Family Review 16 (1991): 11_46.

    Robinson, K. M. “Family Caregiving: Who Provides Care, and At What Costs?” Nursing Economics 15 (1997): 243_247.

    Rossi, A. S., and Rossi, P. H. Of Human Bonding: Parent Child Relations Across the Life Course. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1990.

    Seltzer, M.; Mailick, L.; and Wailing, L. “The Dynamics of Caregiving: Transitions During a Three-Year Prospective Study.” The Gerontologist 40 (2000): 165_178.

    Shmotkin, D. “Affective Bonds of Adult Children With Living Versus Deceased Parents.” Psychology and Aging 14 (1999): 473_82.

    Silverstein, M.; Parrott, T. M.; and Bengtson, V. L. “Factors that Predispose Middle-Aged Sons and Daughters to Provide Social Support to Older Parents.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 57 (1995): 465_475.

    Spitze, G., and Logan, J. R. “Employment and Filial Relations: Is There a Conflict?” Social Forum 6 (1991): 681_697.

    Spitze, G.; Logan, J. R.; Deane, G.; and Zerger, S. “Adult Children’s Divorce and Intergenerational Relationships.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 56 (1994): 279_293.

    Stone, R.; Cafferata, G. L.; and Sangl, J. “Caregivers of the Frail Elderly: A National Profile.” The Gerontologist 27 (1987): 616_626.

    More Related Articles

    Suitor, J. J., and Pillemer, K. “Did Mom Really Love You Best? Exploring the Role of Within-Family Differences in Developmental Histories on Parental Favoritism.” Motivation and Emotion (2000): 104_115.

    Suitor, J. J., and Pillemer, K. “The Presence of Adult Children: A Source of Stress for Elderly Couples’ Marriages?” Journal of Marriage and the Family 49 (1987): 717_725.

    Suitor, J. J.; Pillemer, K.; Keeton, S.; and Robison, J. “Aged Parents and Aging Children: Determinants of Relationship Quality.” In Handbook of Aging and the Family. Edited by Victoria Bedford and Rosemary Bliezner. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985.

    Umberson, D. “Relationships Between Adult Children and Their Parents: Psychological Consequences for Both Generations.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 54 (1992): 664_674.

    Walker, A. J.; Martin, S. S. K.; and Jones, L. L. “The Benefits and Costs of Caregiving and Care Receiving for Daughters and Mothers.” Journal of Gerontology 47 (1992): S130_139.

    Wenger, G. C.; Scott, A.; and Patterson, N. “How Important is Parenthood? Childlessness and Support in Old Age in England.” Ageing and Society 20 (2000): 161_82.

    White, L. “The Effect of Parental Divorce and Remarriage on Parental Support for Adult Children.” Journal of Family Issues 13 (1992): 234_250.

    Single-parent children face greater risks, Sunday Gazette-Mail; February 2, 2003; Emma Ross

    Legacy of the Single Parent; ‘Children without Fathers Suffer Greater Risk of Poverty, Poor Health, Physical and Sexual Abuse, Heavy Drinking and Smoking, Teenage Parenthood, Drug Misuse and Imprisonment’, Daily Mail (London); September 16, 2002; Doughty, Steve

    Lone-Parent Children More Prone to Illness; Broken Home Can Double Risk of Mental Health Problems, Daily Mail (London); January 24, 2003; Hope, Jenny

    One-parent children most at risk from poverty trap, The Scotsman; June 7, 2011; Gareth Rose

    Suicide fear of lone parent children, The Scotsman; August 18, 2001; Kate Foster Health Correspondent

    Study: More problems later in life for single-parent children; Psychological: Decade of research on 1 million youth says quality of parenting might be biggest factor, Telegraph – Herald (Dubuque); January 24, 2003; ASSOCIATED PRESS

    $1 million parent-children center launched in Haifa, Jerusalem Post; March 21, 2014; TAMARA ZIEVE

    When I’m a PARENT…; Children and teens know that rearing healthy, happy, curious and nonviolent kids is a challenge for anyone. And they have definite opinions on the best way to do this. Their advice ranges from strong limits to lots of love.(VARIETY), Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN); December 5, 1996; Snow, Misti

    Liberal Policies Taking Toll on Single-Parent Children, Daily Mail (London); May 5, 2010

    STUDY: SINGLE-PARENT CHILDREN DON’T FARE BETTER WITH SAME-SEX PARENT, Post-Tribune (IN); May 14, 1993

    Adopters’ experiences of preparation to parent children with serious difficulties.(Report), Adoption & Fostering; June 22, 2009; Rushton, Alan Monck, Elizabeth

    Single-parent children ‘are more prone to suicide’, The Herald; January 24, 2003

    Warning on benefit changes for loan parent; CHILDREN.(News), The Birmingham Post (England); November 27, 2008

    POLITICS: Number of single-parent children rises.(News), The Birmingham Post (England); April 4, 2008

    Single parent children rise.(News), The Birmingham Post (England); May 8, 2003

    “Parent-Child Guidance Support for Social Networks” in Patent Application Approval Process, Computer Weekly News; September 12, 2013

    Parent/child Relationships in Single-Parent Families, Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science; January 1, 1997; Walker, Lawrence J. Hennig, Karl H.

    Parent-child relationship, home learning environment, and school readiness, School Psychology Review; January 1, 1999; Parker, Faith Lamb

    A Parent-Child Dyad Approach to the Assessment of Health Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Asthma, PharmacoEconomics; August 1, 2012; Ungar, Wendy J. Boydell, Katherine Dell, Sharon Feldman, Brian M. Marshall, Deborah Willan, Andrew Wright, James G.

    Parent-Child Gymnastics; Quality Time With Multiple Benefits for Everyone, The Washington Post; May 25, 1998; Lila Baltman

    Child Savers in relation to Crime and Race

    Child Savers is included in the Encyclopedia of Race and Crime (1), beginning with: Social movements during the 19th and 20th centuries led to the
    establishment and development of autonomous juvenile justice systems and other child welfare reform in the United States and elsewhere. These movements, led by civic actors who would come to be called “child savers,” resulted in numerous reforms and institutions that collectively extended greater state authority over families and youth, on the premise of rescuing or protecting young people from “deviant” socialization and thus, by extension, regulating societal development. These were especially pressing concerns in 19th- and early-20th-century United States, where industrialization, rapid urbanization, emancipation and reconstruction, mass immigration, and internal migrations, among other developments, were reconfiguring the face of the nation. To a significant extent, “child saving” was conceived and carried out as a nation-building movement, focused on the tributaries of child welfare, socialization into adulthood, and ultimately civil society.

    Damages for Wrongful Death of, or Injury to, Child

    This section examines the Damages for Wrongful Death of, or Injury to, Child subject in its related phase of trial. In some cases, other key elements related to trials, such as personal injury, business, and criminal litigation, are also addressed.

    Cause of Action by Child for Loss of Parent’s Consortium: an Overview

    This section examines this type of action. This subject identifies the various elements of the Cause of Action by Child for Loss of Parent’s Consortium, offering a practical approach to the litigation issues of this cause of action. See also the entry about legal risks.

    Child (Types)

    This section introduces, discusses and describes the basics of child. Then, cross references and a brief overview about Types is provided. Finally, the subject of Agency Relationships in relation with child is examined. Note that a list of cross references, bibliography and other resources appears at the end of this entry.

    Resources

    Notes and References

    1. Entry about Child Savers in the Encyclopedia of Race and Crime

    See Also

    Child in Need of Services or CHINS in Juvenile Law

    In this context, Child in Need of Services or CHINS information is available through this American legal Encyclopedia.

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